3.2 psychology

Question 1

principles of goal setting

Answer 1

SMARTER
- specific
- measurable
- agreed
- realistic
- time-phased
- exciting
- recorded

Question 2

define goal

Answer 2

desired aim or outcome

Question 3

benefits of setting goals

Answer 3

• motivating, provides objective
• purpose and direction to training
• confidence when target achieved
• check progress
• control anxiety

Question 4

types of motivation

Answer 4

• intrinsic
• extrinsic

Question 5

define motivation

Answer 5

• desire required to be successful
• driving force that makes you do smt
• decide how much effort to put in

Question 6

define intrinsic motivation

Answer 6

• motivation that comes form simply doing the activity
• rather than to gain external prizes or rewards

Question 7

examples of intrinsic motivation

Answer 7

• satisfaction that comes from overcoming a challenge
• friendships
• seeing improvements in physical fitness

Question 8

define extrinsic motivation

Answer 8

• motivating forces that come form outside person and activity

Question 9

examples of extrinsic motivation

Answer 9

• praise from coach, crowd
• rewards (money, prizes, trophies)
• desire for attention/publicity/fame
• sponsorship/better contract

Question 10

define arousal

Answer 10

• increased level of mental excitement and alertness
• state of being excited, keen, and mentally and physically read to perform a task

Question 11

explain inverted-u theory

Answer 11

• as arousal increases, performance improves
• up to optimal level of arousal, perform best
• inc arousal past point, performance decline

Question 12

characteristics of under-arousal

Answer 12

• athletes under-perform
• lack drive and determination
• not excited or focused enough to perform well

Question 13

characteristics of over-arousal

Answer 13

• athlete feel stressed, anxious, psyched out by opposition
• physical symptoms (inc HR, sweating, shakiness, nausea)
• mistakes made and performance decline

Question 14

optimal arousal for fine skills

Answer 14

• require high level of precision, accuracy, control
• low level of arousal

Question 15

optimal arousal for gross skills

Answer 15

• involve large, powerful, mvmts
• need to be determined, focussed, physically and mentally excited
• higher level of arousal

Question 16

types of anxiety

Answer 16

• cognitive
• somatic

Question 17

define anxiety

Answer 17

• negative reaction from performer to stress
• cause them to feel worried, nervous, apprehensive

Question 18

causes of anxiety

Answer 18

• uncertainty (not knowing if succeed or not)
• pressure (fear of failure in important sit)
• self esteem (what others think if perform poorly)
• fear of harm (injury)

Question 19

define cognitive anxiety

Answer 19

• mental symptoms that performer feels
• eg fear, worry, doubt

Question 20

define somatic anxiety

Answer 20

• physical symptoms of anxiety

Question 21

list relaxation techniques

Answer 21

• mental rehearsal
• visualisation
• deep breathing

Question 22

describe mental rehearsal

Answer 22

• running thru skill, sequence, event in mind
• using all senses

Question 23

advantages of mental rehearsal

Answer 23

• allow athletes to familiarise themselves with situation
• help feel calm and in control
• serve as distraction from nervousness and worry (cognitive anxiety)

Question 24

describe visualisation

Answer 24

• seeing best possible outcome for skill or technique about to perfom

Question 25

advantages of visualisation

Answer 25

- focus closely on how skill should be perfomed - direct attention away from cognitive anxiety - feel more confident in ability to execute skill

Question 26

describe deep breathing

Answer 26

- learned way of breathing - in deep, calm, focussed way - promote relaxation and physical wellbeing

Question 26

advantages of deep breathing

Answer 26

- relieve cognitive anxiety - lower adrenaline, prevent HR inc, remove tension muscles (help fine skills) - allow uptake more o2, improve stamina/aerobic performance

Question 27

list personality types

Answer 27

- introvert - extrovert

Question 28

characteristics of introvert

Answer 28

- enjoy own company and being on own - practice alone - perform best at lower levels of arousal - lower pain tolerance/dislike contact sports - prefer sports w fine mvmt and high conc and accuracy

Question 29

characteristics of extrovert

Answer 29

- enjoy interacting w others, get bored easily alone - prefer team sports and group practise sessions - perform best at higher level of arousal - higher pain tolerance/sports with lots of action - prefer sports w gross mvmt skills, lower conc and accuracy

Question 30

what activity introverts like

Answer 30

- high conc and accuracy (low arousal) - fine skills

Question 31

what activity extroverts like

Answer 31

- low conc and accuracy (high arousal) - gross skills