3.2 place and state models of WM

Question 1

place theory of WM?

Answer 1

different types of memory can be localized to specific regions fo the brain

STM = limited in amount of info
LTM = permanent storage, can be retrieved

place theory suggests LTM must be brought out of storage and be placed into STM for processing

capacity = rate that info can be rehearsed or transferred between stores

Question 2

what is the predominant place model?

Answer 2

baddeley and hitch model

Question 3

what is the state theory?

Answer 3

WM is an active state that a sensory representation or LTM can be placed into for manipulation

LTM remains in “place”, but changes its “state” to be accessed by WM

capacity = bandwidth of attention that can be focused on sensory/LTM representations

Question 4

what is the predominant state model?

Answer 4

component process model (Eriksson et al., 2015)

Question 5

what is the baddeley and hitch multicomponent model based on?

Answer 5

observed dual-task paradigms (multitasking experiments)
- individuals can complete a verbal task + visuo-spatial task, difficulty performing 2 of the same tasks simultaneously
- tasks requiring different processing use independent systems

used lesion studies
- systems may be localized = place theory

Question 6

what are the components of the multicomponent model

Answer 6

4 systems are anatomically distinct

1. central executive
   - overloooks and coordinates 3 other components
   - allocates attention and info
2. visuo-spatial sketchpad
   - encodes visual + spatial info
3. episodic buffer
   - temporary storage system
   - allows interaction between 2 and 4
   - allow memories from LTM to interact with 2 and 4
4. phonological loop
   - deals with spoken and written info (inner voice)
   - ex. repeating phone number over and over

Question 7

what are the components of the component process model of WM?

Answer 7

1. goal/task
   - must understand goal of the task
2. processes and representations
   - are recruited into the active state/WM
   - processes = selective attention, rehearsal, pattern recognition, sustained attention, retrieval
   - representations = object, verbal
   - procedures = numerical, alphabetical
3. action
   - response to task

completing a task requires interactions of processes and representations, depending on task complexity (maintenance vs manipulation) and required sensory input

Question 8

apply the component process model to the change detection task (maintenance)

Answer 8

encode
- process = selective attention
- representation = object

delay
- process = rehearsal, sustained attention
- representation = object

response
- process = selective attention, pattern recognition
- representation = object

Question 9

apply the component process model to mental math (manipulation)

Answer 9

encode
- process = selective attention
- representation = verbal

delay
- process = rehearsal, inhibit irrelevant stimulii, update representation as you work, sustained attention
- representations = procedural LTM, verbal
- procedures = numerical

repsonse
- process = selective attention
- representation = verbal (to respond)

Question 10

how is the component process model mapped?

Answer 10

selected processes and representations are distributed and communicate throguh reverberating signals (liek Hebbian Cell Assembly)

connectivity = signal echos throughout circuit = maintenance

recurrent activity of circuit induces growth that strengthens connections between cells = LTM