2.6 nsci in the late 20th century

Question 1

major scientists?

Answer 1

milner, kandel, bliss/lomo, rescorla/wagner, hubel/wiesel, squire, goldman-rakic

Question 2

main ideas?

Answer 2

modern era of nsci

different types of memory stored in different areas

mechanisms of brain functions in learning and memory

neuroimaging

Question 3

brenda milner?

Answer 3

neuropsychology

developed and administered tests to measure cognitive function

worked with patient HM

Question 4

patient HM?

Answer 4

epileptic patient underwend bilateral medial temporal lobe resection

complete memory loss for events subsequent surgery

partial retrograde amnesia for 3 years prior to surgery

early memories and personality are normal

*medial temporal lobe = episodic memory

Question 5

erik kandel?

Answer 5

looked for the molecular mechanisms of memory

used giant sea slug

studied molecular changes in neurons with habituation/sensitization/conditioning/hebbian learning

Question 6

lomo + bliss?

Answer 6

physiological mechanism for LTP

with repeated electrical stimulation of the hippocampus, electrical responses got bigger
- increase was long lasting = mechanism for long term memory

Question 7

rescorla + wagner

Answer 7

generated model for associative learning

could generate testable predictions about new experiments

error = expected outcome - actual outcome

• goal to minimize error by adjusting expectation after every suprise error

Question 8

hubel + wiesel

Answer 8

electrophysiology studies to identify critical period for environment-influenced neuroplasticity in the cortex

revealed response properties of visual neurons

Question 9

squire

Answer 9

taxonomy of memory systems

used lesion studies and MRI

LTM
- declarative
- episodic + semantic
- non declarative
- procedural memory, classical conditioning, priming

Question 10

goldman-rakic

Answer 10

described connectivity of prefrontal cortex + relationship to working memory

revealed anatomical network for higher cognitive function