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ABDOMEN 4 > 3.2 MSK Pathology > Flashcards

3.2 MSK Pathology Flashcards

1
Q

Name the 7 Pathologies we cover in MSK?

A
  1. Tears
  2. Inflammation (tendonitits/peritenditis)
  3. Ganglion Cysts
  4. Popliteal/Bakers cyst
  5. Carpal Tunnel Syndrome
  6. Tumours
  7. Foreign bodies
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2
Q

4 factors that contribute to a tendon tear? (weakening of tendon)

A

Age
Calcification
Corticosterioids (commonly used to treat inflamm)
Systemic diseases (arthritis, DM, Lupus, gout)

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3
Q

What are the 2 different types of tendon tears?

A

Complete (often clinical diagnosis, may not need US)

Incomplete (tendinitis symptoms)

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4
Q

What are complete tears?

A

Torn all the way in half

gap/defect can be of variable length

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5
Q

What are incomplete tears?

A

Focal defect of tendon attachment, partially torn.

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6
Q

Tendon tears are sonographically variable name 6 things it could have.

A
  1. Hypoechoic defects ( watch for anisotrophy)
  2. Focal thinning
  3. Architectural distortion (fibers look distorted)
  4. Fluid filled defects
  5. Echogenic deposits if chronic
  6. Possible non-visualization of tendon
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7
Q

Rotator Cuff Sonographic Complete tear appearance

A

Deltoid sits directly on humerus head (normally deltoid, supraspinatus, HH)
CARTILIAGE INTERFACE sign

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8
Q

What is the cartilage interface sign

A

Thin, hyperechoic line at interface between normally hypoechoic cartilage and the ABNORMALLY hypoechoic tendon

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9
Q

Rotator Cuff Sonographic small incomplete tear appearance

A

Rim Rent Sign

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10
Q

What is the Rim Rent Sign?

A

Comma shaped, focal abnormal echogenicity within the tendon

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11
Q

Rotator Cuff Tear Sonographic Associated sign

A 
Join effusion (fluid in joint space)
Irregularity of bony surface (GT area)
Geyser sign (collection fluid superior to AC joint)
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12
Q

Inflammation of the tendon is known as

A

Tendonitis

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13
Q

Tendonitis is often___ or ___ related

A

sport or work

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14
Q

Inflammation of the tendon can be___ or ___

A

Diffuse or focal

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15
Q

Inflammation can present with what 2 things?

A

Edema of tissue or

calcifications if chronic

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16
Q

What is the hallmark feature of tendonitis?

A

TENDON THICKENING

compare to contralateral side

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17
Q

Tendonitis sonographically

A 
decrease echogenicity (watch technique)
Hypermia (increased blood flow, usually poor Blood supply )
Possible calcifications (chronic)
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18
Q

3 other inflammation of tendons ?

A
  1. Peritendinitis
  2. Tenosynovitis
  3. Bursitis
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19
Q

What is peritendinitis?

A

inflammation to the CT that surrounds the achilles

20
Q

What is Tenosynovitis?

A

inflammation of the tendon sheath (fibrous sheath surrounding many other tendons in body)

21
Q

What is Bursitis?

A

Inflammation of a Bursa
often due to trauma or microtrauma
Sonolucent collection with ill-defined walls

22
Q

What are ganglion cysts?

A

Benign soft tissue tumor typically in hand or wrist

palpable mass, focal pain

23
Q

What are ganglion cysts sonographic appearance ?

A

Cystic mass attached to tendon sheath
oval fluid collection with enhancement
may contain debris
Chronic may have more hypoechoic solid appearance

24
Q

Popliteal cyst is known as a?

A

Bakers cyst (Synovial cyst of the knee, pop fossa)

25
Q

The popliteal cyst is a dilated

A

Dilated

26
Q

The popliteal cyst is located?

A

Posteromedial

27
Q

The popliteal cyst is associated with

A

Rheumatoid arthritis

28
Q

The popliteal cyst can be ___ or ____

A

Symptomatic (can mimic DVT or thrombophlrbitis) or Asymptomatic

29
Q

The popliteal cyst have the potential to ?

A

rupture and dissect down the calf

30
Q

What is encroachment of the medial nerve?

A

CARPEL TUNNEL SYNDROME

31
Q

Carpel tunnel can be a result of which 2 things?

A

Decrease in tunnel size

Increase in volume within the space

32
Q

What will the patient present with, with carpel tunnel syndrome?

A

Pins and needles

33
Q

Does US usually diagnosis Carpel tunnel? Y or N

A

No

34
Q

No the best way.. but Carpel tunnel imaging signs include(4)

A
  1. a nerve that is 3x bigger in one axis than another axis 90 degrees
  2. loss of honeycomb appearance in SAX
  3. Increase or decrease in countour/size LAX
    Increase in cross-section area when compared to other side
35
Q

What are 3 Benign tumors in MSK?

A
  1. Giant cell tumors
  2. Osteochondroma
  3. Lipoma
36
Q

Giant cell tumors are?

A

Benign tendon sheath tumors

37
Q

Giant cell tumors sonographically (2)

A

Hypoechoic masses with lobulated contour

38
Q

Osteochondroma are?

A

Benign cartilaginous tumors, can develop in a popliteal cyst

39
Q

Osteochondroma sonographically (2)

A

Hyperechoic area with posterior shadowing

40
Q

Lipomas are?

A

Tumors compossed of fat or adipose tissue

compressible, mobile and painless

41
Q

Lipomas sonographically (2)

A

Often hyperechoic but depends on surrounding tissue

42
Q

US used to Identify nonradio or radio-opaque Foreign Bodies, this means ?

A

They Do not show up on x ray (nonradio)

or do show up on US (radio) but want more info with US on where it is located.

43
Q

Soft tissue can be examined for _______ inflammatory changes (like abscess)

A

secondary

44
Q

Metal Foreign Bodies sonographically (2)

A 
Hyperehcoic 
Comet tail (metal)
45
Q

Foreign Bodies Can be (3)

A

Metal, splinter or glass

US can be used for guidance.

ABDOMEN 4 (10 decks)

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