3 Salivary Glands/ Parathyroid Flashcards
Stensen’s Duct associated with which salivary gland?
Parotid Glands
Wharton’s Duct associated with which salivary gland?
Submandibular glands
Bartholin’s duct associated with which salivary gland?
Sublingual glands
The parotid gland is __ to the ear and ____ muscle.
Anterior; SCM
What is the sonographic feature that differentiates an intraparotid node from a parotid mass?
Hyperechoic hilum
Which salivary gland is most affected by SIALOITHIASIS?
Submandibular
Which Salivary gland is typically affected by acute supperative sialadenitis?
Parotid gland
Most common sonographic feature of acute inflammation of the salivary glands?
Enlarged and hypoechoic
What is sialosis? and what gland is it most common ?
Noninflammatory , nonneoplastic, reccurent, painless gland swelling, bilateral
Most common in the parotid gland.
Autoimmune disease that occurs in middle-aged females causing cHRONIC inflammation
Sjogren syndrome
Most common presentation with a salivary gland tumor?
Palpable lump
Salivary gland most likely to present with malignant neoplasm
Submandibular or Sublingual gland
Most common benign parotid neoplasm
Pleomorphic adenoma (mixed tumor)
Pleomorphic adenoma sonographic feature
Solitary unilateral slow growing asymptomatic hypoechoic well defined lobulated acoustic enhancment may contain calcifications
Benign neoplams that affects elderly men?
Warthin Tumors
Most common sonographic feature of Wharthin tumors
Hypovascularized, multiple anechoic areas, well defined , hypo, solitary, slow gorwing
2 most common types of MALIGNANCY affecting the salivary glands
Mucoepidermoid carcinoma and adenoid cystic carcinoma
WHAT is the most common malignant neoplasm of the submandibular gland?
Adenoid cystic carcinoma
What should raise suspicion of malignancy in a neoplasm ?
High systolic peak and high vascularization
irregular shape/boarders/hypoechoic
How does a benign neoplasm differ from a malignant neoplasm?
Benign = slow growing and painless Malignant = grow rapidly, tender or painful, maybe fixed to background and may cause facial nerve paresis or paralysis.
PARATHYROID GLAND
How many pairs of parathyroid glands are there?
2 pairs.. 2 superior and 2 inferior
Parathyroid glands lie __ to thyroid gland
Posterior
What is the typical dimension and shape of a parathyroid gland
1 x 3 5 mm, flattened and oval
What is the echogenicity of a normal parathyroid gland compared to thyroid gland?
isoechoic
Main physiologic function of the parathyroid glands
Endocrine regulator of calcium and phosphorous in extracellular fluid
“false postive” in parathyroid exam means?
Structures Mistaken for parathyroid disease
3 structures that maybe mistaken for parathyroid disease?
- Longus Colli
- Esophagus
- Minor bundles
What is the most common cause of PRIMARY hyperparathyroidism?
Benign parathyroid ademoma
In primary hyperparathyroidism what serum levels are increased?
Calcium and PTH
The most definitive treatment for hyperparathyroidism
Surgery
What inherited disorder is strongly linked to parathyroid hyperplasia?
MENS syndrome
Most common locations for ectopic superior and inferior locations for adenomas
- Low neck
- Mediastinum
- Retrotracheal/retroesphogeal
- Undescended carotid sheath
- Intrathyroidal
What are 2 causes of SECONDARY hyperparathyroidism?
Vit D and Chronic renal insufficiency
Sonographic feature of parathyroid adenoma?
Oval hypoechoic homogenous solid can contain cystic areas
Doppler pattern differentiate parathyroid adenoma from lymph node
Both hyper vascular
Lymph= central vascularity
adenoma = peripheral vascular arc
What is the typical size and sonographic appearance of parathyroid carcinoma
Lobular contour, heterogenous, internal cystic components >2cm
