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ABDOMEN 4 > 3 Salivary Glands/ Parathyroid > Flashcards

3 Salivary Glands/ Parathyroid Flashcards

1
Q

Stensen’s Duct associated with which salivary gland?

A

Parotid Glands

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2
Q

Wharton’s Duct associated with which salivary gland?

A

Submandibular glands

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3
Q

Bartholin’s duct associated with which salivary gland?

A

Sublingual glands

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4
Q

The parotid gland is __ to the ear and ____ muscle.

A

Anterior; SCM

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5
Q

What is the sonographic feature that differentiates an intraparotid node from a parotid mass?

A

Hyperechoic hilum

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6
Q

Which salivary gland is most affected by SIALOITHIASIS?

A

Submandibular

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7
Q

Which Salivary gland is typically affected by acute supperative sialadenitis?

A

Parotid gland

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8
Q

Most common sonographic feature of acute inflammation of the salivary glands?

A

Enlarged and hypoechoic

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9
Q

What is sialosis? and what gland is it most common ?

A

Noninflammatory , nonneoplastic, reccurent, painless gland swelling, bilateral
Most common in the parotid gland.

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10
Q

Autoimmune disease that occurs in middle-aged females causing cHRONIC inflammation

A

Sjogren syndrome

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11
Q

Most common presentation with a salivary gland tumor?

A

Palpable lump

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12
Q

Salivary gland most likely to present with malignant neoplasm

A

Submandibular or Sublingual gland

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13
Q

Most common benign parotid neoplasm

A

Pleomorphic adenoma (mixed tumor)

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14
Q

Pleomorphic adenoma sonographic feature

A 
Solitary
unilateral 
slow growing
asymptomatic  
hypoechoic
well defined 
lobulated 
acoustic enhancment 
may contain calcifications
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15
Q

Benign neoplams that affects elderly men?

A

Warthin Tumors

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16
Q

Most common sonographic feature of Wharthin tumors

A

Hypovascularized, multiple anechoic areas, well defined , hypo, solitary, slow gorwing

17
Q

2 most common types of MALIGNANCY affecting the salivary glands

A

Mucoepidermoid carcinoma and adenoid cystic carcinoma

18
Q

WHAT is the most common malignant neoplasm of the submandibular gland?

A

Adenoid cystic carcinoma

19
Q

What should raise suspicion of malignancy in a neoplasm ?

A

High systolic peak and high vascularization

irregular shape/boarders/hypoechoic

20
Q

How does a benign neoplasm differ from a malignant neoplasm?

A 
Benign = slow growing and painless
Malignant = grow rapidly, tender or painful, maybe fixed to background and may cause facial nerve paresis or paralysis.
21
Q

PARATHYROID GLAND

A
22
Q

How many pairs of parathyroid glands are there?

A

2 pairs.. 2 superior and 2 inferior

23
Q

Parathyroid glands lie __ to thyroid gland

A

Posterior

24
Q

What is the typical dimension and shape of a parathyroid gland

A

1 x 3 5 mm, flattened and oval

25
Q

What is the echogenicity of a normal parathyroid gland compared to thyroid gland?

A

isoechoic

26
Q

Main physiologic function of the parathyroid glands

A

Endocrine regulator of calcium and phosphorous in extracellular fluid

27
Q

“false postive” in parathyroid exam means?

A

Structures Mistaken for parathyroid disease

28
Q

3 structures that maybe mistaken for parathyroid disease?

A
  1. Longus Colli
  2. Esophagus
  3. Minor bundles
29
Q

What is the most common cause of PRIMARY hyperparathyroidism?

A

Benign parathyroid ademoma

30
Q

In primary hyperparathyroidism what serum levels are increased?

A

Calcium and PTH

31
Q

The most definitive treatment for hyperparathyroidism

A

Surgery

32
Q

What inherited disorder is strongly linked to parathyroid hyperplasia?

A

MENS syndrome

33
Q

Most common locations for ectopic superior and inferior locations for adenomas

A
  1. Low neck
  2. Mediastinum
  3. Retrotracheal/retroesphogeal
  4. Undescended carotid sheath
  5. Intrathyroidal
34
Q

What are 2 causes of SECONDARY hyperparathyroidism?

A

Vit D and Chronic renal insufficiency

35
Q

Sonographic feature of parathyroid adenoma?

A 
Oval
hypoechoic
homogenous
solid
can contain cystic areas
36
Q

Doppler pattern differentiate parathyroid adenoma from lymph node

A

Both hyper vascular
Lymph= central vascularity
adenoma = peripheral vascular arc

37
Q

What is the typical size and sonographic appearance of parathyroid carcinoma

A

Lobular contour, heterogenous, internal cystic components >2cm

ABDOMEN 4 (10 decks)

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