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ABDOMEN 4 > 1.1 Scrotum- Normal > Flashcards

1.1 Scrotum- Normal Flashcards

1
Q

Externally, what divides the scrotum into 2 compartments? (R+L)

A

Raphe

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2
Q

Internally, what merges centrally to form internal scrotal septum

A

Dartos tunica

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3
Q

What is the thickeness of scrotal wall

A

2-8mm

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4
Q

The scrotal sac is lined by the?

A

Tunica vaginalis

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5
Q

The Tunica vaginalis has 2 layers

A
  1. parietal - adhere to sac
  2. Visceral - adhere to testicles
    1-2 ml of fluid between layers is normal
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6
Q

What 4 things does the scrotum contain

A
  1. Testicles
  2. epididymis
  3. vas deferens
  4. spermatic cord
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7
Q

The oval testicles produce (2)

A

Sperm & teststerone

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8
Q

The length in an adult is?

A

3-5 cm

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9
Q

The width in an adult is?

A

2-4

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10
Q

The AP in an adult is?

A

3 cm

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11
Q

Do the testicles increase of decrease with age?

A

decrease

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12
Q

What is the tough fibrous layer surrounding the testies

A

Tunica Albugina (whiteish)

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13
Q

Invaginations of the Tunica albugina divide testicles into ?

A

lobules (250-400) per testie

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14
Q

Lobules contain seminiferous tubules which is the site of

A

Spermatgogensis (formation of sperm)

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15
Q

Where does the Tunica Albuginea form the mediastinum

A

posteriorly

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16
Q

The mediastinum forms support (framework) for testicular vessels and ?

A

Ducts

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17
Q

What are the seminiferous tubules located in the mediastinum?

A

The rete testes

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18
Q

The rete testes join to form the?

A

Efferent ducts

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19
Q

The efferent ducts carry_______ to the _________

A

Seminal fluid ; epididymis

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20
Q

Testes are tethered to the scrotal wall by the _____ layer

A

Visceral

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21
Q

The point of attachment is posterior and is known as the ?

A

Bare Area

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22
Q

The bare area is not covered by ?

A

Peritoneum

23
Q

What is included in the bare area

A

Posterior testis and epididymis

24
Q

What is the remnant of the mullerian duct that has no function?

A

The appendix testes

25
Q

Where is the appendix testes located if there is one?

incidental finding

A

The upper pole

26
Q

What is the common shaped structure that is located Superior and posterolateral

A

Epididymis

27
Q

Where does the tail of the Epididymis empty into?

A

The Vas deferens

28
Q

How long is the Epididymis

A

6-7 cm

29
Q

How is the Epididymis formed?

A

Convergence of the efferent ducts from the rete testes

30
Q

The Epididymis HEAD is also known as the?

A

globus major

31
Q

The Epididymis has 3 parts. Name the thickness of each

A

Head (10-12 mm)
Body (2-4 mm)
Tail (2-5mm)

32
Q

The Epididymis function (3)

A
  1. Converys sperm to Seminal vesicles (RESERVOUIRS seminal fluid)
  2. Stores sperm
  3. Matures sperm
33
Q

Just like the appendix teste you can have appendix Epididymis. It is typically seen with a?

A

Hydrocele

34
Q

The Epididymis appendix is from the _____ duct

Remember the The appendix testes was from the mullerian duct

A

Mesonephric (wolffian)duct

35
Q

What connects the testes to the pelvis/abdomen and suspends the testes in the scrotum?

A

Spermatic cord

36
Q

Where does the spermatic cord travel thru?

A

the inguinal canal

37
Q

What does the spermatic cord contain? (5)

A
  1. Vas Deferens
  2. Arteries
  3. Pampiniform plexus (network of veins that drain testes)
  4. lymphatic
  5. nerves
38
Q

What are the 3 Arteries associated with the scrotum?

A
  1. Testicular
  2. Differential
  3. Cremasteric arteries
39
Q

The testicular arteries (supply testes) originate at the?

A

Aorta anteriorly

40
Q

The deferential arteries are branches of the inferior vesical artery and supply the? (2)

A

Epididymis and VasDeferns

41
Q

The cremasteric arteries are branches of the inferior epigastric artery and supply the?

A

peri testicular tissue

42
Q

Venous drainage of the scrotum occurs via the?

A

pampiniform plexus (network or collection of veins)

43
Q

Pampiniform plexus empties into the?

A

testicular veins

44
Q

The Right testicular vein drains directly into the?

A

IVC*

45
Q

The Left testicular vein drains directly into the?

A

Left renal vein*

46
Q

With doppler the testicular artery is a what waveform?

A

Low resistance. (bc it is a reproductive organs.

47
Q

With doppler the cremasteric and the deferential artery is a what waveform?

A

High resistance

48
Q

What frequency of transducer do we want to use for the exam?

A

12Mhz or higher

49
Q

Indications for performing a scrotal US

A
  1. Palpable mass
  2. pain
  3. Enlarged
  4. Cystic vs solid
  5. Torsion
  6. Undescended testes
  7. trauma
  8. post orchiectomy (removal of testicle)
50
Q

Sonographic appearance of testes?

A

Homogenous with medium level echoes (similar to thyroid)

51
Q

The mediastinum Sagittal on US appearance?

A

hyperechoic line from Sup to Inf

52
Q

The mediastinum TRV on US appearance?

A

Hyperechoic region medially

53
Q

Rete testes not usually seen in normal but can appear as ?

A

tiny cystic areas

54
Q

The US apperance of the Epididymis is?

A

slightly hyper or isoechoic to the testicle and coarser

ABDOMEN 4 (10 decks)

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