1.1 Scrotum- Normal Flashcards
Externally, what divides the scrotum into 2 compartments? (R+L)
Raphe
Internally, what merges centrally to form internal scrotal septum
Dartos tunica
What is the thickeness of scrotal wall
2-8mm
The scrotal sac is lined by the?
Tunica vaginalis
The Tunica vaginalis has 2 layers
- parietal - adhere to sac
- Visceral - adhere to testicles
1-2 ml of fluid between layers is normal
What 4 things does the scrotum contain
- Testicles
- epididymis
- vas deferens
- spermatic cord
The oval testicles produce (2)
Sperm & teststerone
The length in an adult is?
3-5 cm
The width in an adult is?
2-4
The AP in an adult is?
3 cm
Do the testicles increase of decrease with age?
decrease
What is the tough fibrous layer surrounding the testies
Tunica Albugina (whiteish)
Invaginations of the Tunica albugina divide testicles into ?
lobules (250-400) per testie
Lobules contain seminiferous tubules which is the site of
Spermatgogensis (formation of sperm)
Where does the Tunica Albuginea form the mediastinum
posteriorly
The mediastinum forms support (framework) for testicular vessels and ?
Ducts
What are the seminiferous tubules located in the mediastinum?
The rete testes
The rete testes join to form the?
Efferent ducts
The efferent ducts carry_______ to the _________
Seminal fluid ; epididymis
Testes are tethered to the scrotal wall by the _____ layer
Visceral
The point of attachment is posterior and is known as the ?
Bare Area
The bare area is not covered by ?
Peritoneum
What is included in the bare area
Posterior testis and epididymis
What is the remnant of the mullerian duct that has no function?
The appendix testes
Where is the appendix testes located if there is one?
incidental finding
The upper pole
What is the common shaped structure that is located Superior and posterolateral
Epididymis
Where does the tail of the Epididymis empty into?
The Vas deferens
How long is the Epididymis
6-7 cm
How is the Epididymis formed?
Convergence of the efferent ducts from the rete testes
The Epididymis HEAD is also known as the?
globus major
The Epididymis has 3 parts. Name the thickness of each
Head (10-12 mm)
Body (2-4 mm)
Tail (2-5mm)
The Epididymis function (3)
- Converys sperm to Seminal vesicles (RESERVOUIRS seminal fluid)
- Stores sperm
- Matures sperm
Just like the appendix teste you can have appendix Epididymis. It is typically seen with a?
Hydrocele
The Epididymis appendix is from the _____ duct
Remember the The appendix testes was from the mullerian duct
Mesonephric (wolffian)duct
What connects the testes to the pelvis/abdomen and suspends the testes in the scrotum?
Spermatic cord
Where does the spermatic cord travel thru?
the inguinal canal
What does the spermatic cord contain? (5)
- Vas Deferens
- Arteries
- Pampiniform plexus (network of veins that drain testes)
- lymphatic
- nerves
What are the 3 Arteries associated with the scrotum?
- Testicular
- Differential
- Cremasteric arteries
The testicular arteries (supply testes) originate at the?
Aorta anteriorly
The deferential arteries are branches of the inferior vesical artery and supply the? (2)
Epididymis and VasDeferns
The cremasteric arteries are branches of the inferior epigastric artery and supply the?
peri testicular tissue
Venous drainage of the scrotum occurs via the?
pampiniform plexus (network or collection of veins)
Pampiniform plexus empties into the?
testicular veins
The Right testicular vein drains directly into the?
IVC*
The Left testicular vein drains directly into the?
Left renal vein*
With doppler the testicular artery is a what waveform?
Low resistance. (bc it is a reproductive organs.
With doppler the cremasteric and the deferential artery is a what waveform?
High resistance
What frequency of transducer do we want to use for the exam?
12Mhz or higher
Indications for performing a scrotal US
- Palpable mass
- pain
- Enlarged
- Cystic vs solid
- Torsion
- Undescended testes
- trauma
- post orchiectomy (removal of testicle)
Sonographic appearance of testes?
Homogenous with medium level echoes (similar to thyroid)
The mediastinum Sagittal on US appearance?
hyperechoic line from Sup to Inf
The mediastinum TRV on US appearance?
Hyperechoic region medially
Rete testes not usually seen in normal but can appear as ?
tiny cystic areas
The US apperance of the Epididymis is?
slightly hyper or isoechoic to the testicle and coarser
