3.2 Feed Intake - T3 Flashcards
What does feed intake determine?
Feed intake determines energy/nutrient intake which drives protein deposition/performance
What is the difference between feed disappearance and feed intake?
Feed disappearance = 3kg in feeder, all gone, but some was eaten and some was wasted
- difficult to measure bc feed falls in flooring
- 2-5% of feed is wasted
Feed intake = what the animal actually ate
What 2 factors do you need to know in order to determine nutrient density of the diet?
- Nutrient requirements
- age/stage of production will dictate this
- not only considering BW but also the production goal - Feed intake
- genotype, gut capacity, feed bulkiness, feeder design, health, environment
What does an average FI curve look like from 10-120kg BW? What factors affect voluntary FI?
Younger animals have a lower FI and as they increase BW they increase FI
- affected by: access to feeders, texture/form of feed, stage of production (BW)
Within limits, how can animals achieve consistent energy intake?
Can change FI
- if you feed pigs a diet with lower energy they will eat more to get the same total energy; if you feed high energy they will eat less
- Takeaway: can regulate FI to meet energy req within a limit
What does energy density interact with?
Body weight
1. Young pigs: tough to increase FI at low energy density
- Increase DE or NE value of the diet
- Larger pigs: increase FI at low energy density
- BUT can maintain FI at high energy density = $$$
- Decrease DE or NE value of the diet
What 3 factors impact feed intake?
- Animal factors
- Feed factors
- Environmental factors
Can nutrient excesses or deficiencies affect feed intake?
YES
- pigs will reduce the intake of diets that are low (<10%) or high (>30%) CP
- protection from adverse metabolic affects
Does feed processing impact FI?
YES
- pelleting reduces feed waste
- animals have a preference for texture
- most pigs fed mealed diets in Canada bc its cheaper for producers
What happens to feed intake when mycotoxins/ANFs are present?
When you increase amount of toxins, the animals will decrease FI
How can feed additives impact feed intake?
- can reduce feed intake
- an additive might be very good for health, but have to consider if the pigs will eat the feed with that addition
What 3 factors impact water intake?
- Type of drinker
- pigs prefer bowl drinkers; also less wastage than nipple drinkers - Close to feeder
- Low water flow rate may affect feed intake
What 4 animal factors affect feed intake?
- Body weight
- Birth weight
- higher birth wt = eat more - Genotype
- lean eat less - Sex
- gilts eat less than barrows (who have a higher percentage of viscera = an ability to consume more feed)
What is the difference between average daily gain and lean growth rate? Do high LGR eat more or less?
ADG = pig on the scale, how much they have gained today compared to yesterday; whole body
LGR = only consider lean mass
- high LGR eat less; low LGR eat more (bc they are growing other “stuff”)
- will always be lower than ADG
How do gilt and barrow FI and requirements differ?
Gilts have higher requirements and eat less than barrows
- gilts need more AA, minerals and vitamins
- differences start around 25kg BW and increase as animals get older
- split sex feeding to increase system efficiency
