32- Exercise Physiology II

Question 1

metabolic compunds counteract the sympathetic vasoconstriction ..

Answer 1

functional sympatholysis

and metabolic vasodilation

Question 2

sex differences in cv response to exercise

Answer 2

women have…

• lower cardiac index
• lower stroke volume index
• higher heart rate responses
• higher AVO2 difference
• lower SNA
• lower SBP/DBP

Question 3

possible mechanisms for sex differences

Answer 3

lower hemoglobin content in women and lower CaO2 and SOT

Question 4

blood flow responses to exercise are _________ in pre-menopausal women v. men

Answer 4

greater

Question 5

SNA during exercise is _______- in pre-menopausal women v. men

Answer 5

lower

Question 6

oxygen delivery is _______ in pre-menopausal women v. men due to _____ Hgb

Answer 6

lower

lower

Question 7

functional sympatholysis is _________ in post v. pre menopausal women and ______ with exog. estrogne

Answer 7

impaired

reversed

Question 8

women have a _______ airway diameter relative to men

Answer 8

reduced

leads to expiratory flow limitation during exercise

Question 9

work of breathing is ____- in women compared to men

Answer 9

greater

due to expiratory flow limitation and increased end expiratory and inspiratory lung volumes

Question 10

airway ______ in women may predispose exercise induced asthma

Answer 10

hyperresponsiveness

Question 11

how does estrogen play a cardioprotective role?

Answer 11

by acting through estrogen receptors to increase production of NO and inhibit release of other inflammatory and vasoconstrictor peptides in the heart, vasculature, and CNS

Question 12

heart rate, EDVI, ESVI, SVI, Cardiac index and ejection fraction are _____ in older persons.

Answer 12

lower

systolic and mean BP are higher in older persons

Question 13

sympathetic n. activity to skeletal muscle _____ with aging

Answer 13

increases

sympathetic response to exercise increase with aging

Question 14

vascular constriction to endothelin is ________, vascular relaxation to NO is ______ with aging

Answer 14

increased
decreased

there is also decreased ATP production/decreased purnergic receptor expression

Question 15

are there structural changes to lungs with chronic exercise?

Answer 15

nope

most of the heart and vasculature changes are what you would expect

Question 16

reduction in blood flow in response to sympathetic stimulation during exercise is _______ with exercise training

Answer 16

improved

contraction induced ATP release and purinergic receptor P2Y2 expression is also improved with training

Question 17

effects of physical activity in the aging individual

Answer 17

• attenuated decline in endothelial function
• improved mitochondrial function
• increased capilarization
• improved functional sympatholysis

Question 18

mechanisms of beneficial effects of exercise

Answer 18

• myokines improve glucose uptake and counteract pro-inflammatory cytokines
• redox signaling upregulates antioxidant defenses
• circulating angiogenic stem cells repaid vascular damge

Question 19

therapeutic effects of exercise

Answer 19

• reduces SNA
• reduces oxidative stress
• reduces inflammation
• improves vascular function
• improves cardiac function
• reduces psychological stress

Question 20

heat exhaustion

Answer 20

plasma volume is reduced due to sweat losses, reduced CO/perfusion of viscera

Question 21

heat stroke

Answer 21

blood flow to vital organs will be preserved at the expense of skin blood flow and thermoregulation