3.2 and 3.3 Study Guide

Question 1

Carbohydrates are composed of what elements?

Answer 1

C, H, O

Question 2

Lipids are composed of what elements?

Answer 2

C, H, O

Question 3

Proteins are composed of what elements?

Answer 3

C, H, O, N and sometimes S

Question 4

Nucleic Acids are composed of what elements?

Answer 4

C, H, O, N, P

Question 5

Carbohydrates monomer

Answer 5

monosacharides

Question 6

Lipids monomer

Answer 6

fatty acids

Question 7

Protein monomer

Answer 7

amino acids

Question 8

Nucleic Acid monomer

Answer 8

nucleotides

Question 9

Carbohydrates polymer

Answer 9

polysacharides

Question 10

Lipids polymer (2 types)

Answer 10

triglycerides and phospholipids

Question 11

Proteins Polymer

Answer 11

polypeptides

Question 12

Functions of Carbohydrates

Answer 12

Provides energy (primary source for cells)
Builds plant cells
Storage of simple sugars

Question 13

Function of Lipids

Answer 13

long-term energy storage
Insulation for organisms
Makes cell membranes
Can be used to form steroids

Question 14

Function of Proteins

Answer 14

enzymes catalyze the important chemical reactions in cells

Hormones are messengers

Antibodies recognize and attack foreign cells/viruses

Structural proteins that give cells shape

Question 15

Function of Nucleic Acids

Answer 15

DNA carries genetic instructions for development and functions by coding proteins

RNA assists in protein synthesis

Question 16

What does function depend on?

Answer 16

Structure

Question 17

Protein structure

Answer 17

1. Primary structure- sequence determined by gene
2. Secondary structure- alpha helix or beta pleated sheet
3. Tertiary structure- entire polypeptide chain (3D)
4. Quaternary structure- more than one polypeptide chain that are bonded together

Question 18

Amino Acids have different structure depending on what?

Answer 18

side chains

Question 19

What are the 2 main ways to change protein structure?

Answer 19

Mutation and Denaturation

Question 20

Denaturation

Answer 20

unfolding of protein. Does this by breaking the hydrogen bonds and ionic bonds