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B&B 2 (MM) > 3.18.14 33 Diencephalon > Flashcards

3.18.14 33 Diencephalon Flashcards

1
Q

Name all of the structures of the diencephalon (5)

A 
Thalamus
Subthalamus
Hypothalamus
Epithalamus
3rd Ventricle
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2
Q

What two major structures compose the epithalamus?

A

Habenula

Epiphysis (Pineal gland)

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3
Q

What are the afferents to the habenular nucleus? Efferents?

A

Afferent: stria medullaris thalami
Efferent: habenulointerpenduncular tract

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4
Q

What structures send info through the stria medullari thalami? Where are they going?

A

From septal and preoptic areas

To habenular nucleus

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5
Q

Where are efferents from the habenulointerpeduncular tract bound?

A

From habenular nucleus to interpeduncular nucleus… duh

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6
Q

What is another name for the pineal gland?

A

Epiphysis

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7
Q

What is the activity of the pineal gland relative to light and dark?

A 
Dark = ON; secretes melatonin into blood
Light = OFF
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8
Q

Describe the cascade affecting the pineal gland during the daytime.

A

Light hits retina –> pretectum –> hypothalamus –> intermediolateral cell column –> superior cervical ganglion –> pineal gland is shut off

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9
Q

What are the effects of melatonin?

A

Antigonadotropic (hypogonadism)

Sleep/wake cycle (feel rested)

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10
Q

What is the primary function of the habenular nucleus?

A

Reproductive function (sex)

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11
Q

Voltage gated calcium channels in the thalamus are active during tonic or burst firing?

A

Burst firing

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12
Q

Detailed info and focus are associated with tonic or burst firing in the thalamus?

A

Tonic firing

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13
Q

Basic awareness of an event (without details) is associated with tonic or burst firing in the thalamus?

A

Burst firing

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14
Q

What two structures serve as regulators of the thalamus?

A

Cortex and reticular formation

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15
Q

What is an example of the specific input/output scheme of the thalamus?

A

DCML –> VPL –> primary somatosensory cortex (From specific tract to specific cortical region)

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16
Q

What nucleus of the thalamus DOES NOT project to the cortex?

A

The reticular nucleus; solely intrathalamic relay

17
Q

Example of serial processing?

A

Light to retina –> lat. gen. body –> area 17 –> 18 –> 19

Processive, in sequence

18
Q

Example of parallel processing?

A

Light to retina distributes to various pathways:

  • Lat. gen. body (features)
  • Suprachiasmatic nucleus (RACIST)
  • Superior colliculus (HOMOPHOBE)
19
Q

Name the external relay nuclei and associated cortical areas

A
  1. VPM (face; 3,1,2)
  2. VPL (body; 3,1,2)
  3. Lat.G (visual; 17)
  4. Med.G (auditory; 41,42)
20
Q

Name the internal relay nuclei and associated cortical areas

A
  1. VA (4,6)
  2. VL (4,6)
  3. AN (limbic; cingulate gyrus)
21
Q

Name the association nuclei and associated cortical areas

A
  1. Dorsomedial (prefrontal)
  2. LD (parietal, cingulate gyrus)
  3. LP (parietal)
  4. Pulvinar (TOP = Temp,Occ,Par)
22
Q

Name the diffuse nuclei and associated cortical areas

A
  1. CM (from RF/basal ganglia; 4,6)
  2. Parafascicularis (from RF/basal ganglia; cingulate gyrus)
  3. Midline (RF/spinothalamic/trigeminothalamic; diffuse)
  4. Reticular (none; only to thalamus)
23
Q

Which thalamic nucleus functions as a relay of info from the limbic system to the cingulate gyrus?

A

Anterior nucleus

24
Q

Which thalamic nucleus functions as a relay to the prefrontal cortex (behavior)?

A

Dorsomedial nucleus

25
Q

Which thalamic nucleus functions as a diffuse relay of info from the reticular formation and basal ganglia to the motor cortices (4,6)?

A

Centromedial nucleus

26
Q

Which thalamic nucleus relays motor information from the basal ganglia to the motor cortices (non-diffusely)?

A

VA and VL

27
Q

Which thalamic nucleus relays information from the superior colliculus? To where?

A 
Lateral geniculate nucleus
Visual cortex (17)
28
Q

Which thalamic nucleus relays information from the inferior colliculus? To where?

A 
Medial geniculate nucleus
Auditory cortex (41,42)
29
Q

Which thalamic nucleus relays information from the face to the postcentral gyrus (3,1,2)?

A

VPM

30
Q

Which thalamic nucleus relays information from the body to the postcentral gyrus (3,1,2)?

A

VPL

31
Q

Which thalamic nucleus relays information to a broad association area spanning the temporal, occipital, and parietal lobes?

A

Pulvinar

32
Q

Which thalamic nucleus relays information exclusively to the parietal association areas?

A

LD and LP

33
Q

What is the blood supply to the thalamus?

A

PCA branches:

  1. Thalamoperforating (medial)
  2. Thalamogeniculate (lateral)
34
Q

What is the blood supply to the corpus striatum?

A

Lateral striate (MCA branch)

35
Q

What is the blood supply to the internal capsule?

A 
Lateral striate (MCA)
Anterior choroidal (internal carotid)
36
Q

The anterior limb of the internal capsule carries relays from what thalamic nuclei?

A

Anterior
Medial dorsal (DM; prefrontal cortex)
Ventral anterior

37
Q

The genu of the internal capsule carries relays from what thalamic nucleus?

A

Ventral lateral

38
Q

The posterior limb of the internal capsule carries relays from what thalamic nuclei?

A

Ventral posterior (VPM, VPL)

39
Q

A lacunar stroke to the posterior thalamus results in what condition?

A

Thalamic syndrome:
Contralateral hemianesthesia/hemiparesis
Weeks later: dysaesthesia (pain)

B&B 2 (MM) (22 decks)

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