31.4 Fungi have radiated into a diverse set of lineages

Question 1

33) This phylum contains organisms that most closely resemble the common ancestor of fungi
and animals:
A) Zygomycota
B) Ascomycota
C) Basidiomycota
D) Glomeromycota
E) Chytridiomycota

Answer 1

E) Chytridiomycota

Question 2

34) This phylum formerly included the members of the new phylum Glomeromycota:
A) Zygomycota
B) Ascomycota
C) Basidiomycota
D) Glomeromycota
E) Chytridiomycota

Answer 2

A) Zygomycota

Question 3

35) Members of this phylum produce two kinds of haploid spores, one kind being asexually
produced conidia:
A) Zygomycota
B) Ascomycota
C) Basidiomycota
D) Glomeromycota
E) Chytridiomycota

Answer 3

B) Ascomycota

Question 4

36) This phylum contains the mushrooms, shelf fungi, and puffballs:
A) Zygomycota
B) Ascomycota
C) Basidiomycota
D) Glomeromycota
E) Chytridiomycota

Answer 4

C) Basidiomycota

Question 5

37) Members of this phylum form arbuscular mycorrhizae:
A) Zygomycota
B) Ascomycota
C) Basidiomycota
D) Glomeromycota
E) Chytridiomycota

Answer 5

D) Glomeromycota

Question 6

38) You have been given the assignment of locating living members of the phylum
Glomeromycota. Where is the best place to look for these fungi?
A) between the toes of a person with ʺathleteʹs footʺ
B) in stagnant freshwater ponds
C) the roots of vascular plants
D) growing on rocks and tree bark
E) the kidneys of mammals

Answer 6

C) the roots of vascular plants

Question 7

39) Zygosporangia are to zygomycetes as basidia are to
A) basal fungi.
B) chytrids.
C) sac fungi.
D) basidiospores.
E) club fungi.

Answer 7

E) club fungi.

Question 8

40) What are the sporangia of the bread mold Rhizopus?
A) asexual structures that produce haploid spores
B) asexual structures that produce diploid spores
C) sexual structures that produce haploid spores
D) sexual structures that produce diploid spores
E) vegetative structures with no role in reproduction

Answer 8

A) asexual structures that produce haploid spores

Question 9

41) The gray-black, filamentous, haploid mycelium growing on bread is most likely what kind
of organism?
A) chytrid
B) ascomycete
C) basidiomycete
D) deuteromycete
E) zygomycete

Answer 9

E) zygomycete

Question 10

42) The ascomycetes get their name from which aspect of their life cycle?
A) vegetative growth form
B) asexual spore production
C) sexual structures
D) shape of the spore
E) type of vegetative mycelium

Answer 10

C) sexual structures

Question 11

43) Which of these paired fungal structures are structurally and functionally most alike?
A) conidia and basidiocarps
B) sporangia and hyphae
C) soredia and gills
D) haustoria and arbuscules
E) zoospores and mycelia

Answer 11

D) haustoria and arbuscules

Question 12

44) You are given an organism to identify. It has a fruiting body that contains many structures
with eight haploid spores lined up in a row. What kind of a fungus is this?
A) zygomycete
B) ascomycete
C) deuteromycete
D) chytrid
E) basidiomycete

Answer 12

B) ascomycete

Question 13

45) Which has the least affiliation with all of the others?
A) Glomeromycota
B) mycorrhizae
C) lichens
D) arbuscules
E) mutualistic fungi

Answer 13

C) lichens

Question 14

46) Which of these is a fungal structure that is usually associated with asexual reproduction?
A) zygosporangium
B) basidium
C) conidiophore
D) ascus
E) antheridium

Answer 14

C) conidiophore

Question 15

47) Arrange the following from largest to smallest:
1. ascospore
2. ascocarp
3. ascomycete
4. ascus
A) 3 → 4 → 2 → 1
B) 3 → 2 → 4 → 1
C) 3 → 4 → 1 → 2
D) 2 → 3 → 4 → 1
E) 2 → 4 → 1 → 3

Answer 15

B) 3 → 2 → 4 → 1

Question 16

48) In which phylum are mushrooms and toadstools classified?
A) Basidiomycota
B) Ascomycota
C) Deuteromycota
D) Zygomycota
E) Chytridiomycota

Answer 16

A) Basidiomycota

Question 17

49) Arrange the following from largest to smallest, assuming that they all come from the same
fungus.
1. basidiocarp
2. basidium
3. basidiospore
4. mycelium
5. gill
A) 4, 5, 1, 2, 3
B) 5, 1, 4, 2, 3
C) 5, 1, 4, 3, 2
D) 5, 1, 3, 2, 4
E) 4, 1, 5, 2, 3

Answer 17

E) 4, 1, 5, 2, 3

Question 18

50) Mushrooms with gills have meiotically produced spores located in or on
A) asci.
B) conidiophores.
C) basidia.
D) soredia.
E) zygosporangia.

Answer 18

C) basidia.

Question 19

51) Among sac fungi, which of these correctly distinguishes ascospores from conidia?
A) ascospores are diploid, conidia are haploid
B) ascospores are produced only by meiosis, conidia are produced only by mitosis
C) ascospores have undergone genetic recombination during their production, conidia have not
D) ascospores are larger, conidia are smaller
E) ascospores will germinate into haploid hyphae, conidia will germinate into diploid hyphae

Answer 19

C) ascospores have undergone genetic recombination during their production, conidia have not

Question 20

52) A fungal spore germinates, giving rise to a mycelium that grows outward into the soil
surrounding the site where the spore originally landed. Which of these accounts for the
fungal movement, as described here?
A) karyogamy
B) mycelial flagella
C) alternation of generations
D) breezes distributing spores
E) cytoplasmic streaming in hyphae

Answer 20

E) cytoplasmic streaming in hyphae

Question 21

53) In what structures do both Penicillium and Aspergillus produce asexual spores?
A) asci
B) zygosporangia
C) rhizoids
D) gametangia
E) conidiophores

Answer 21

E) conidiophores

Question 22

59) In which of these human mycoses should one expect to find a growth pattern most similar
to that of the mycelium that produced the fairy ring?
A) skin mycoses
B) coccidiomycosis (lung infection)
C) systemic (blood-borne) Candida infection
D) Sporothrix infection of lymphatic vessels
E) Tinea tonsurans infection limited to interior of hair shafts

Answer 22

A) skin mycoses