31.1 Fungi are heterotrophs that feed by absorption

Question 1

1) Which of the following do all fungi have in common?
A) meiosis in basidia
B) coenocytic hyphae
C) sexual life cycle
D) absorption of nutrients
E) symbioses with algae

Answer 1

D) absorption of nutrients

Question 2

2) The hydrolytic digestion of which of the following should produce monomers that are
aminated (i.e., have an amine group attached) molecules of beta-glucose?
A) insect exoskeleton
B) plant cell walls
C) fungal cell walls
D) A and C only
E) A, B and C

Answer 2

D) A and C only

Question 3

3) If all fungi in an environment that perform decomposition were to suddenly die, then
which group of organisms should benefit most, due to the fact that their fungal competitors
have been removed?
A) plants
B) protists
C) prokaryotes
D) animals
E) mutualistic fungi

Answer 3

C) prokaryotes

Question 4

4) When a mycelium infiltrates an unexploited source of dead organic matter, what are most
likely to appear within the food source soon thereafter?
A) fungal haustoria
B) soredia
C) fungal enzymes
D) increased oxygen levels
E) larger bacterial populations

Answer 4

C) fungal enzymes

Question 5

5) Which of the following is a characteristic of hyphate fungi (fungi featuring hyphae)?
A) They acquire their nutrients by phagocytosis.
B) Their body plan is a unicellular sphere.
C) Their cell walls consist mainly of cellulose microfibrils.
D) They are adapted for rapid directional growth to new food sources.
E) They reproduce asexually by a process known as budding.

Answer 5

D) They are adapted for rapid directional growth to new food sources.

Question 6

6) The functional significance of porous septa in certain fungal hyphae is most similar to that
represented by which pair of structures in animal cells and plant cells, respectively?
A) desmosomes : tonoplasts
B) gap junctions : plasmodesmata
C) tight junctions : plastids
D) centrioles : plastids
E) flagella : central vacuoles

Answer 6

B) gap junctions : plasmodesmata

Question 7

7) What is the primary role of a mushroomʹs underground mycelium?
A) absorbing nutrients
B) anchoring
C) sexual reproduction
D) asexual reproduction
E) protection

Answer 7

A) absorbing nutrients

Question 8

8) What do fungi and arthropods have in common?
A) Both groups are commonly coenocytic.
B) The haploid state is dominant in both groups.
C) Both groups are predominantly heterotrophs that ingest their food.
D) The protective coats of both groups are made of chitin.
E) Both groups have cell walls.

Answer 8

D) The protective coats of both groups are made of chitin.

Question 9

9) In septate fungi, what structures allow cytoplasmic streaming to distribute needed
nutrients, synthesized compounds, and organelles throughout the hyphae?
A) multiple chitinous layers in cross walls
B) pores in cross walls
C) complex microtubular cytoskeletons
D) two nuclei
E) tight junctions that form in cross walls between cells

Answer 9

B) pores in cross walls

Question 10

10) What accounts most directly for the extremely fast growth of a fungal mycelium?
A) rapid distribution of synthesized proteins by cytoplasmic streaming
B) a long tubular body shape
C) the readily available nutrients from their ingestive mode of nutrition
D) a dikaryotic condition that supplies greater amounts of proteins and nutrients

Answer 10

A) rapid distribution of synthesized proteins by cytoplasmic streaming

Question 11

11) The vegetative (nutritionally active) bodies of most fungi are
A) composed of hyphae.
B) referred to as a mycelium.
C) usually underground.
D) A and B only
E) A, B, and C

Answer 11

E) A, B, and C

Question 12

12) Both fungus-farming ants and their fungi can synthesize the same structural
polysaccharide from the beta-glucose. What is this polysaccharide?
A) amylopectin
B) chitin
C) cellulose
D) lignin
E) glycogen

Answer 12

B) chitin

Question 13

13) Consider two hyphae having equal dimensions: one from a septate species and the other
from a coenocytic species. Compared with the septate species, the coenocytic species should
have
A) fewer nuclei.
B) more pores.
C) less chitin.
D) less cytoplasm.
E) reduced cytoplasmic streaming.

Answer 13

C) less chitin.

Question 14

14) Which of the following terms is correctly associated with fungi in general?
A) sporophytes
B) make only sexually produced spores
C) ecologically important
D) polyphyletic
E) ingestive nutrition

Answer 14

C) ecologically important