3.1.3 Social exp. 2: Gender Socialisation

Question 1

What is socialisation

Answer 1

Socialisation is the process by which we learn the norms, customs and skills necessary to participate in our society. It helps us integrate into society.

Question 2

What did Sutherland claim about boys and girls?

4 bullet points

Answer 2

Boys are encouraged to be risk-takers and
tough compared to girls.

Girls are more closely supervised and
controlled than boys.

Society expects girls to be more conforming
than boys.

Such norms become ingrained and could help
explain criminal tendencies in males.

Question 3

How can the Social Learning Theory (SLT) explain the process of Socialisation?

Answer 3

Social learning theory can explain how gender
behaviours are learnt: through observation
and imitation of role models

Question 4

what are the 3 factors that make it more likely a child will repeat gender appropriate behaviour

Answer 4

1. if the model is perceived as being similar to the child e.g same gender
2. people around the child will respond to behaviour by either reinforcing or punishing - child will be reinforced fr acting appropriately or ignored for not
3. child will have observed the consequences of others behaviours (will act the same depending on the consequence reinforced or punished)
   > vicarious reinforcement/punishment

Question 5

Fagot (1978)

Answer 5

• observed children around age of 2 playing at
  home with parents
• recorded reinforcements and punishments
  from parents

Question 6

Fagot (1978) findings

Answer 6

• boys were reinforced for playing with gender
  appropriate toys e.g cars
• boys were punished for the opposite e.g dolls

Question 7

patriarchy

what are social factors

Answer 7

• includes patriarchy such as men and fathers being seen as dominant and superior compared to women
• society places great control over women
  > reduces their opportunity to commit crime

Question 8

women controlled in homes

Answer 8

• as daughters, girlsa re depednant on the care/provision from their parents, especailly their father
• daughters are not able to stay out as late as sons
• they are required to do more housework than sons and as a result girls learn to develop socialising opportunities which involve the home such as sleepovers

Question 9

women controlled at work
- the ‘glass ceiling’

Answer 9

• prevents women from rising to senior positions and having fewer opportunities to commit white collar crimes

Question 10

women controlled in public
- role of the media

Answer 10

when reporting on crimes, the media controls women:

• tells them not to go out at night
• causes women to stay at home
• media coverage of criminal acts when committed by women

Question 11

how does role of the media create ‘double jeopardy’ when women commit crimes

Answer 11

• breaks the law
• breaks the norms of being feminine and
  ‘motherly’