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A Level PE Section 3.1.2 Skill Acquisition > 3.1.2.2 Impact of skill classification on structure of practice for learning > Flashcards

3.1.2.2 Impact of skill classification on structure of practice for learning Flashcards

1
Q

3 methods of practice

A
  1. Whole practice
  2. Whole-part-whole practice
  3. Progressive part
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2
Q

*4 types of practice

A
  1. Massed
  2. Distributed
  3. Variable
  4. Mental
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3
Q

Methods of practice depends on;

A
  1. Age
  2. Classification of skill
  3. Motivation levels
  4. Athletes experience/skill level
  5. Personal characteristics
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4
Q

Whole practice

A
  • many components,
  • taught as one skill (not broken down into subroutines)
  • kinaesthetic feel
  • too complex skill?

E.g. experience player golf swing (discrete, fast, hard to break down)

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5
Q

Coach may use whole practice

A
  • ballistic discrete, sharp action (tennis serve)
  • highly organised
  • simple (fewer demands)
  • autonomous stage= detailed precise/cope with demand
  • maintain subroutine
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6
Q

ADVS of whole practice

A
  • fluent = feel for skill (short time to perfect)
  • specific images (mental) (recall from memory)
  • more realistic (positive transfer)
  • consistent (automatic/good habits)
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7
Q

DIS of whole practice

A
  • demands (beginner can not cope)
  • fatigue
  • too much info to process
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8
Q

Whole-part-whole practice

A
  • complex = broken to separate components
  • attempt whole skill = initial feel - practice individually

E.g. experienced volleyball player with a problem with spike(specific issue with arm action corrected after looking at whole skill)

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9
Q

Coach may use whole-part-whole practice

A
  • beginner & complex skill
  • one part right before progress
  • one aspect at a time (subroutines maintained)
  • highlight weakness, isolate and correct
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10
Q

ADVS of whole-part-whole practice

A
  1. motivation (long standing weakness)
  2. immediate feedback
  3. correct errors and integrate = improve performance
  4. maintain feel transition /fluency/ integration of skill
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11
Q

DIS of whole-part-whole

A
  • may = negative transfer effects if not integrated into whole skill = correct action learnt
  • more time consuming
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12
Q

Progressive part practice

A

practising first part of skill - adding parts gradually

  • complex skill = subroutines
  • linking progressive manner
  • serial skill (chaining)

E.g. dance routine

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13
Q

Coach may use progressive part

A
  • skill is low organised (broken down)
  • or serial = chaining
  • use for complex (one complex feature isolated = less pressure)
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14
Q

ADVS of progressive part

A
  1. focus on 1 aspect/weakness
  2. rest = fatigue
  3. motivate each part = success
  4. initial understanding = confidence
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15
Q

DIS of progressive part

A
  1. time consuming
  2. ignore sub routine links = neglect feel for whole tasks
  3. danger of negative transfer
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16
Q

*Distributed type of practise

A
  • rest intervals between sessions
  • break = explain changes / additions give feedback
  • Beginners (controlled progress/own pace)
  • continuous
  • open (unpredictable)
  • complex
  • external paced
17
Q

*ADVS of Distributed type of practice

A
  • pressure off performer
  • allows recuperation
  • motivation
  • safe way to practice dangerous skills
18
Q

*DIS of distributed type of practice

A
  • time consuming

- risk of negative transfer (too many rests or too many different things in intervals)

19
Q

*Massed type of practice

A

-individuals practice = continuously without rest

Expert & Older = more concentrated

  • Discrete
  • Continuous
20
Q

*ADV of massed type of practice

A
  • promote fitness = cope with external demands
  • automatic fixed responses stored in memory = more consistent
  • efficient use of time
21
Q

*DIS of massed type of practice

A
  • fatigue

- negative transfer

22
Q

*Variable type of practice

A
  • training for team sport
  • mixture of all method of practices

Expert

Open
externally paced

23
Q

*ADV of variable type of practice

A
  • replicates game situation (open skills)
  • adds fun to session = motivation
  • build sub-routines
  • develops schema
24
Q

*DIS of variable type of practice

A
  • more time consuming

- increased risk of negative transfer

25
Q

*Mental type of practice

A
  • skill in the mind before any movement
  • with physical practice
  • warm up

Professionals = whole and small components
Beginners =confidence & basics

Serial & complex

26
Q

*ADV of Mental type of practice

A
  • improves confidence = reduces anxiety
  • stimulates muscle receptor
  • increase reaction time
  • used during injury
27
Q

*DIS of mental type of practice

A

-beginners may visualise wrong

28
Q

schema

A

generalised movement pattern stored in long term memory

can be adapted changed and broadened through the use of cognitive learning

A Level PE Section 3.1.2 Skill Acquisition (7 decks)

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