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*Anatomy - Abdomen > 3.1.2 Stomach > Flashcards

3.1.2 Stomach Flashcards

1
Q

What is the stomach?

A

A muscular bag forming the widest and most distensible part of the digestive tube

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2
Q

Name the openings/orifices of the stomach

A
  1. Cardial orifice

2. Pyloric orifice

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3
Q

Name the curvatures of the stomach

A
  1. Lesser curvature

2. Greater curvature

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4
Q

Name the surfaces of the stomach

A
  1. Anterior surface

2. Posterior surface

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5
Q

What are the parts of the stomach - top to bottom?

A 
Fundus
Body
Pyloric antrum
Pyloric canal
Duodenum
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6
Q

What is the pyloric sphincter? What is its function?

A

Thickening of the circular layer of smooth muscle at the junction between the pylorus of the stomach & the duodenum of the small intestine; acts as a valve to control flow of partially digested food from the stomach to the small intestine

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7
Q

Is the greater curvature of the stomach on the superior or inferior surface?

A

Inferior

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8
Q

Is the lesser curvature of the stomach on the superior or inferior surface?

A

Superior

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9
Q

What does the cardial orifice connect the stomach to?

A

The oesophagus

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10
Q

What does the pyloric orifice connect the stomach to?

A

The duodenum

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11
Q

What is the stomach suspended between?

A

2 other abdominal organs; liver & transverse colon

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12
Q

What does the lesser omentum extend between?

A

Lesser curvature to the liver

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13
Q

What does the greater omentum extend between?

A

Greater curvature to the transverse colon

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14
Q

What are the gastric folds/rugae formed from?

A

Gastric mucosa

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15
Q

What is the function of the gastric folds (rugae)?

A

To provide the stomach with an increased surface area, so it can increase in volume (stretch) with increased pressure - e.g. after eating a meal

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16
Q

In which portions of the stomach are the rugae most apparent?

A 
Pyloric antrum (pylorus)
Greater curvature
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17
Q

Which structures form the stomach bed?

A
  1. Left dome of diaphragm
  2. Left kidney
  3. Spleen
  4. Left suprarenal gland
  5. Splenic artery
  6. Transverse colon/mesocolon
  7. Pancreas
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18
Q

What artery comes off the abdominal aorta to supply the stomach?

A

Celiac trunk - this then divides into

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19
Q

What artery supplies the inferior part of the greater curvature of the stomach?

A

Right gastro-omental artery; comes from gastro-duodenal artery which comes from common hepatic artery; goes on to anastomose with left gastro-omental artery

20
Q

What artery supplies the superior part of the greater curvature of the stomach?

A

Left gastro-omental artery; comes from splenic artery

21
Q

What arteries supply the fundus and upper body of the stomach?

A

Short gastric arteries & posterior gastric artery; come from splenic artery

22
Q

What artery supplies the inferior part of the lesser curvature of the stomach?

A

Right gastric artery; comes from hepatic artery, a branch of the common hepatic artery

23
Q

What artery supplies the superior part of the lesser curvature of the stomach?

A

Left gastric artery; comes directly from the celiac trunk (anastomoses with right gastric artery)

24
Q

Where does the splenic artery run?

A

Along the posterior surface of the stomach

25
Q

Where does the gastroduodenal artery run?

A

Posterior to the pyloric canal

26
Q

What does the gastroduodenal artery bifurcate to form?

A
  1. Right gastro-omental artery

2. Superior pancreato-duodenal artery

27
Q

What are the branches of the common hepatic artery?

A
  1. Proper hepatic artery - runs up towards liver

2. Gatroduodenal artery

28
Q

What is the venous drainage of the stomach via?

A

Hepatic portal system

29
Q

What 3 veins form the hepatic portal vein?

A
  • Splenic vein
  • Superior mesenteric vein
  • Inferior mesenteric vein
30
Q

Which 2 veins fuse posterior to the body of the stomach?

A

Splenic vein & inferior mesenteric vein

31
Q

Which Vein fuses with the (combination of the) Splenic Vein and the Inferior Mesenteric Vein, to form the Hepatic Portal Vein?

A

The Superior Mesenteric Vein

32
Q

Where is the hepatic portal vein formed?

A

Posterior to the pyloric sphincter

33
Q

What is significant about the relationship between the arteries and veins of stomach?

A

They run alongside one another; artery will run alongside vein of the same name

34
Q

Where do the left and right gastric veins drain into?

A

The hepatic portal vein

35
Q

Where do the short gastric vein, left and right gastro-omental veins ultimately drain?

A

Superior mesenteric vein

36
Q

What are the 4 groups of Lymph Nodes which drain the Stomach?

A
  1. The Gastric Lymph Nodes
  2. The Pancreatosplenic Lymph Nodes
  3. The Gastro-Omental Lymph Nodes
  4. The Pyloric Lymph Nodes
37
Q

Where do the gastric lymph nodes lie?

A

On the lesser curvature of the stomach

38
Q

Where do the pancreatosplenic lymph nodes lie?

A

On the posterior wall of the stomach

39
Q

Where do the gastro-omental lymph nodes lie?

A

On the greater curvature of the stomach

40
Q

Where do the pyloric lymph nodes lie?

A

Over the pyloric canal/sphincter

41
Q

What parasympathetic nerve is key in controlling gastric motility?

A

Vagus nerve

42
Q

What is the effect of the vagus nerve on the pylorus?

A

Increased frequency of opening

43
Q

What is the effect of the vagus nerve on gastric secretion?

A

Increased

44
Q

What sympathetic nerve controls the stomach?

A

Greater splanchnic nerve

45
Q

What is the effect of the greater splanchnic nerve on the stomach?

A

Decreased activity

*Anatomy - Abdomen (13 decks)

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