3.1.2 Stomach Flashcards
What is the stomach?
A muscular bag forming the widest and most distensible part of the digestive tube
Name the openings/orifices of the stomach
- Cardial orifice
2. Pyloric orifice
Name the curvatures of the stomach
- Lesser curvature
2. Greater curvature
Name the surfaces of the stomach
- Anterior surface
2. Posterior surface
What are the parts of the stomach - top to bottom?
Fundus Body Pyloric antrum Pyloric canal Duodenum
What is the pyloric sphincter? What is its function?
Thickening of the circular layer of smooth muscle at the junction between the pylorus of the stomach & the duodenum of the small intestine; acts as a valve to control flow of partially digested food from the stomach to the small intestine
Is the greater curvature of the stomach on the superior or inferior surface?
Inferior
Is the lesser curvature of the stomach on the superior or inferior surface?
Superior
What does the cardial orifice connect the stomach to?
The oesophagus
What does the pyloric orifice connect the stomach to?
The duodenum
What is the stomach suspended between?
2 other abdominal organs; liver & transverse colon
What does the lesser omentum extend between?
Lesser curvature to the liver
What does the greater omentum extend between?
Greater curvature to the transverse colon
What are the gastric folds/rugae formed from?
Gastric mucosa
What is the function of the gastric folds (rugae)?
To provide the stomach with an increased surface area, so it can increase in volume (stretch) with increased pressure - e.g. after eating a meal
In which portions of the stomach are the rugae most apparent?
Pyloric antrum (pylorus) Greater curvature
Which structures form the stomach bed?
- Left dome of diaphragm
- Left kidney
- Spleen
- Left suprarenal gland
- Splenic artery
- Transverse colon/mesocolon
- Pancreas
What artery comes off the abdominal aorta to supply the stomach?
Celiac trunk - this then divides into
What artery supplies the inferior part of the greater curvature of the stomach?
Right gastro-omental artery; comes from gastro-duodenal artery which comes from common hepatic artery; goes on to anastomose with left gastro-omental artery
What artery supplies the superior part of the greater curvature of the stomach?
Left gastro-omental artery; comes from splenic artery
What arteries supply the fundus and upper body of the stomach?
Short gastric arteries & posterior gastric artery; come from splenic artery
What artery supplies the inferior part of the lesser curvature of the stomach?
Right gastric artery; comes from hepatic artery, a branch of the common hepatic artery
What artery supplies the superior part of the lesser curvature of the stomach?
Left gastric artery; comes directly from the celiac trunk (anastomoses with right gastric artery)
Where does the splenic artery run?
Along the posterior surface of the stomach
Where does the gastroduodenal artery run?
Posterior to the pyloric canal
What does the gastroduodenal artery bifurcate to form?
- Right gastro-omental artery
2. Superior pancreato-duodenal artery
What are the branches of the common hepatic artery?
- Proper hepatic artery - runs up towards liver
2. Gatroduodenal artery
What is the venous drainage of the stomach via?
Hepatic portal system
What 3 veins form the hepatic portal vein?
- Splenic vein
- Superior mesenteric vein
- Inferior mesenteric vein
Which 2 veins fuse posterior to the body of the stomach?
Splenic vein & inferior mesenteric vein
Which Vein fuses with the (combination of the) Splenic Vein and the Inferior Mesenteric Vein, to form the Hepatic Portal Vein?
The Superior Mesenteric Vein
Where is the hepatic portal vein formed?
Posterior to the pyloric sphincter
What is significant about the relationship between the arteries and veins of stomach?
They run alongside one another; artery will run alongside vein of the same name
Where do the left and right gastric veins drain into?
The hepatic portal vein
Where do the short gastric vein, left and right gastro-omental veins ultimately drain?
Superior mesenteric vein
What are the 4 groups of Lymph Nodes which drain the Stomach?
- The Gastric Lymph Nodes
- The Pancreatosplenic Lymph Nodes
- The Gastro-Omental Lymph Nodes
- The Pyloric Lymph Nodes
Where do the gastric lymph nodes lie?
On the lesser curvature of the stomach
Where do the pancreatosplenic lymph nodes lie?
On the posterior wall of the stomach
Where do the gastro-omental lymph nodes lie?
On the greater curvature of the stomach
Where do the pyloric lymph nodes lie?
Over the pyloric canal/sphincter
What parasympathetic nerve is key in controlling gastric motility?
Vagus nerve
What is the effect of the vagus nerve on the pylorus?
Increased frequency of opening
What is the effect of the vagus nerve on gastric secretion?
Increased
What sympathetic nerve controls the stomach?
Greater splanchnic nerve
What is the effect of the greater splanchnic nerve on the stomach?
Decreased activity
