1.1 Surface Anatomy - Regions and Quadrants

Question 1

Where is the abdomen?

Answer 1

The part of the trunk between the thorax and the pelvis

Question 2

What type of walls does the abdomen mainly consist of?

Answer 2

Muscular

Question 3

What is included in the posterior aspect of the abdomen?

Answer 3

Lumbar vertebrae Intervertebral discs Inferior ribs

Question 4

Name the 4 quadrants of the abdomen

Answer 4

Right upper quadrant Left upper quadrant Right lower quadrant Left lower quadrant

Question 5

What are the 2 imaginary lines used to divide the abdomen into 4 quadrants?

Answer 5

1. Trans-umbilical line (passing through umbilicus and IV disc between L3 & L4 vertebrae) 2. Median line (passing longitudinally through the body, dividing it into R & L halves)

Question 6

Name the 9 regions of the abdomen

Answer 6

Right hypochondriac Epigastric Left hypochondriac Right lumbar Umbilical Left lumbar Right iliac/inguinal Hypogastric/suprapubic Left iliac/inguinal

Question 7

Name the imaginary lines used to divide the abdomen into 9 regions

Answer 7

1. Trans-tubercular plane (passing through iliac tubercles & body of L5 vertebrae) 2. Subcostal plane (passing through inferior border of 10th costal cartilage on each side) 3. Right and left mid-clavicular planes (passing from midpoint of clavicle to midinguinal points)

Question 8

Name 3 organs found in the right hypochondriac region

Answer 8

1. liver 2. gallbladder 3. hepatic flexure of colon

Question 9

Name 3 organs found in the epigastric region

Answer 9

1. stomach 2. pancreas 3. oesophagus

Question 10

Name 3 organs found in the left hypochondriac region

Answer 10

1. spleen 2. left kidney 3. tail of pancreas

Question 11

Name 3 organs found in right lumbar region

Answer 11

1. ascending colon 2. right kidney 3. liver

Question 12

Name 3 regions found in the umbilical region

Answer 12

1. transverse colon 2. jejunum; ileum; duodenum 3. umbilicus

Question 13

Name 3 organs found in the left lumbar region

Answer 13

1. descending colon 2. left kidney 3. small intestine

Question 14

Name 3 organs found in the right iliac/inguinal region

Answer 14

1. caecum 2. appendix 3. ileocaecal junction/small intestine

Question 15

Name 3 organs found in the hypogastric/suprapubic region

Answer 15

1. urinary bladder 2. sigmoid colon 3. rectum

Question 16

Name 3 organs found in the left iliac/inguinal region

Answer 16

1. descending colon 2. sigmoid colon 3. small intestine