3.1.2 Skill Acquisition Flashcards
What are the characteristics of a skill
Aesthetically pleasing Consistent Efficient Fluent Accurate Controlled Economical
What is and give example of an open AND closes skill
Open -skill performed in an unpredictable environment e.g pass in a team game
Closed skill - skill performed in predictable environment e.g field events
What is and give example of discrete, continuous and serial skill
Discrete -clear beginning and end e.g triple jump
Continuous- no clear beginning and end e.g cycling pedals
Serial -skill that contains serval discrete skill(sub)e.g triple jump
What is and give example of gross and fine skill
Gross -large muscle groups e.g rugby tackle
Fine skill -skill that uses smaller muscle groups e.g darts
What is and give example of simple and complex skill
Simple- requires few decisions when being performed e.g forward roll
Complex- requires decision making using lots of info e.dribble in team sport
What is transfer of learning
Effect of the learning has performance of one skill on the learning and performance of another
What is and give example of self and externally paced skill
Self - when the performer controls the start and speed of skill e.g penalty
Externally -no control over the start and speed e.g regatta
Define and give example of whole part practise
Assessing the skill, identifying a weakness to practise, then putting the skill back to together
E.g experienced volleyball problem with spike
Define and give example of whole practise
Practising the skill in its entirety
E.g skill is fast, ballistic and simple
Define and give example of progressive part practise
Practising the first part of the skill then adding parts gradually
E.g dance routine developed by teaching each part of the sequence
What are the types of practise
Massed
Distributed
Varied
Mental
Define, give example, advantages/disadvantage of massed practise
No rest intervals
When skill is- discrete, simple, closed, highly organised, self paced
Adv-forms motor programmes, increase fitness ,enhances over learning
Dis-no time for feedback
E.g basketball player free throw
Define, give example, advantages/disadvantage of distributed practise
Rest intervals between sessions
When skill-complex, low organised, externally paced
Adv-allows recovery,
Dis-time consuming, negative transfer
E.g swimmer practising a technique in training
Define, give example, advantages/disadvantage of varied practice
Changing the skills and drills, type of practise
When skill is - open, externally paced
Adv-motivation and adaption
Dis - demanding, possibility of negative transfer
E.g- practising a football pass
Define, give example, advantages/disadvantage of mental practise
Go over it in the mind without movement Skill is - serial, complex Adv-builds motor programmes, confidence Dis- environment must be calm E.g performer on the trampoline going over the routine
What are the stages of learning
Cognitive -no motor P, uncoordinated movement
Associative-motor P forming, smoother movement
Autonomous-motor P formed, control, detail
What is a learning plateau
No signs of improvement
What causes a learning plateau
Lack of motivation
Boredom
Limit if ability
Fatigue
Solutions of plateau
Task could be extended
Find a new coach
Rest can be taken to avoid fatigue
What is operant conditioning (Skinner)
Use of reinforcement to ensure that correct responses are repeated
Based on trial and error, shapes behaviour, manipulates the environment
What are the four process of observational learning
Attention
Retention
Motor production
Motivavtion
Define the social development theory: Vgotsky
Learning by association with others
PSkilled learnt process called inter psychological learning - uses MKO
Define the constructivism Vgotsky theoretical
Build on what you know Learner uses zone of proximal development What can I do alone What can I do with help What can I do not yet
Define insight learning (Gestaltist theory)
Using experience and understanding to solve problems relating to the whole skill
What is observational learning
Both acceptable and unacceptable behaviour can be learned by watching and then copying other people
