3.1.1.6 Energy Systems

Question 1

What are the three energy systems

Answer 1

Aerobic system
ATP-PC system
Anaerobic glycolytic system

Question 2

Explain the process of the aerobic system

Answer 2

3 stages: glycolysis, kerbs cycle, electron transport chain

Question 3

What occurs in the glycolysis stage in the aerobic system

Answer 3

Takes place in sarcoplasm of muscle cell
Breakdown of glucose to pyruvic acid by enzyme PFK
2 ATP molecules formed
Occurs in sarcoplasm

Question 4

What happens before the kreb cycle

Answer 4

Oxidised into 2 acetyl group and carried into Krebs cycle by co enzyme A

Question 5

What is the Krebs cycle

Answer 5

Pyruvic acid splits into 2 acetyl group
Transported to Krebs cycle by co enzyme A
Acetyl group combines with oxaloacetic acid
Citric acid undergoes oxidative carboxylation
Carbon and hydrogen are given off
Following beta oxidisation fats can enter Krebs cycle
Production of two ATP

Question 6

What occurs in the electron transport chain

Answer 6

Occurs in the Cristae of the mitochondria
Water formed
34 ATP are resynthesised

Question 7

Where does the Krebs cycle take place

Answer 7

Matrix of the mitochondrion

Question 8

Define the ATP- PC system

Answer 8

Uses phosphocreatine as it’s fuel

Anaerobic process and re synthesises ATP when enzyme kinase detects high levels of ADP

Question 9

Define altitude training

Answer 9

Done at 2500m+ above sea level where the partial pressure of oxygen is lower

Question 10

What are the 4 main variables used to ensure HIIT training is specific

Answer 10

Duration of the work interval
Intensity of speed of the work interval
Duration of the recovery interval
Member of work intervals and recovery intervals

Question 11

What is plyometrics

Answer 11

Involves repeated rapid stretching and contracting of muscles to increase muscle power. 3 phases
Eccentric phase - eccentric contraction
Amortisation - time between eccentric and concentric contraction
Concentric or muscle contraction

Question 12

Define buffering

Answer 12

Process which aids the removal of lactate and maintains acidity levels in the blood and muscle

Question 13

What factors affect VO2 max

Answer 13

Lifestyle 
Body composition 
Gender 
Differences in age
Genetics 
Physiological - increased maximum CO,

Question 14

What are the measurements of energy expenditure

Answer 14

Indirect calorimetry
Lactate sampling
VO2 max test
Respiratory exchange ratio

Question 15

Explain the importance of high VO2 max and outline how Excess Post Exercise Oxygen consumption aids recovery and performance

Answer 15

EPOC- following exercise, body still requires o2 to replenish ATP stores
FC- alactacid oxygen debt , aids the resynthesis of ATP and PC in the body
SC- lactacid oxygen debt, high body temp, aids the removal of lactate

Question 16

Define SAQ - speed, agility, quickness

Answer 16

Speed refers to how fast a person can move over a specified distance
Ability is to move and position the body quickly and effectively while under control while under control
Type of training that aims to improve multi directional movements through developing neuromuscular system e.g zig zag

Question 17

What are the potential problems associated with altitude training

Answer 17

Reduces partial pressure of oxygen, training is more difficult 
Loss of fitness 
Increased  lactate accumulation 
Altitude sickness 
Psychological problems

Question 18

Explain the factors that can affect lactate threshold

Answer 18

Exercise intensity- glycogen is converted into pyruvate, no o2 present lactic acid is formed
Muscle fibre type- slow twitch fibres produce less lactate than fast twitch fibres
Rate Of blood lactate removal
Training