3.1.1 The Oesophagus Flashcards

1
Q

What is the Oesophagus?

A

A Muscular tube which extends from the Pharynx to the Stomach

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2
Q

How long is the Thoracic part of the Oesophagus?

A

About 25cm

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3
Q

How long is the Abdominal part of the Oesophagus?

A

About 1.25cm

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4
Q

What are the 3 constrictions of the Oesophagus?

A
  1. Cervical
  2. Thoracic
  3. Diaphragmatic
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5
Q

What is the Vertebral level of the Oesophageal Hiatus?

A

T10

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6
Q

Where does the Oesophagus sit, in relation to the Larynx / Trachea?

A

Deep

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7
Q

What structures transverse the Oesophageal opening?

A
  1. The Oesophagus
  2. The Vagus Nerve
  3. The Left - Inferior Phrenic Nerve
  4. The Oesophageal Branches of the Left Gastric Vessel
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8
Q

What is the Blood Supply to the Oesophagus?

A

Branches of the Left Gastric Artery (Which itself is a branch of the Coeliac Trunk)

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9
Q

What is the Venous Drainage of the Oesophagus?

A
  1. The Proximal part of the Oesophagus drains into the Systemic Circulation via the Oesophageal Veins (leading to the Azygous Vein)
  2. The Distal part of the Oesophagus drains into the Left Gastric Vein, and then into the Portal Venous System
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10
Q

What is the Lymphatic Drainage of the Oesophagus?

A

Left Gastric Lymph Nodes - which drain into the Coeliac Lymph Nodes

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11
Q

At the Lower end of the Oesophagus, there is an important site for Portocaval anastomosis. What can happen in portal hypertension?

A

The anastomoses can open and for venous dilatations, called Oesophageal Varicies. Their rupture causes severe and dangerous haematemesis

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12
Q

What are the Oesophageal Sphincters?

A
  1. The Upper Oesophageal Sphincter

2. The Lower Oesophageal Sphincter

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13
Q

Where is the Upper Oesophageal Sphincter?

A

At the barrier between the Oesophagus and the Pharynx

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14
Q

Where is the Lower Oesophageal Sphincter?

A

At the Diaphragm

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