3.1 Thermal Concepts Flashcards
Definition of temperature
Measure of the average kinetic energy of the particles in a system
Kelvin to Celsius
K = Celsius + 273
Definition of heat
The energy that is transferred from one substance to another as a result of a difference in temperature
Total internal energy consists of
The sum of the kinetic and potential energy of a particle
Kinetic energy
Either the movement of a molecule, the rotation of a molecule, or the vibration of a molecule
Potential energy
The potential energy created due to inter-molecular forces (if pulling molecules apart, more potential energy since more desire to go back to original)
Definition of thermal/heat capacity (C)
Energy required to raise the temperature of a system by 1K
Thermal/heat capacity formula
Q = C(dT) in J/K
Definition of specific heat capacity (c)
Energy required to raise a unit mass of a substance by 1K
Specific heat capacity formula
Q = mc(dT) in J/kgK
Types of phase changes
Melting - Solid to liquid
Freezing - Liquid to solid
Vaporisation - Liquid to gas
Condensation - Gas to liquid
Definition of specific latent heat
The amount of energy required to change the phase of a unit mass at a constant temperature
Specific latent heat formula
Q = mL where if freezing/melting, L is Lf and if boiling or condensing, L is Lv
