3.1 Swallowing + Aging Flashcards

1
Q

What are general physiological changes in swallowing that occur due to aging?

(7)

A

Reduction in mass (Atrophy)

Decreased range of motion, speed and strength.

Diminished sensory abilities.

Respiratory compromise

Atrophy + Calcification

Laryngeal penetration

Trouble coordinating breathing and swallowing together

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2
Q

What are two conditions that occur to muscles due to aging?

A

Atrophy

Calcification

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3
Q

Is laryngeal penetration a normal occurrence in swallowing due to aging?

A

Yes but aspiration is never normal

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4
Q

What can cause decreased tongue pressure?

A

Hypertrophy of the tongue (enlargement)

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5
Q

What happens when sensory abilities are impaired?

What does this imply?

A

Poor discrimination of viscosity (whether a substance is thick or thin)

Not able to differentiate between thicker and thin liquids.

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6
Q

In regards to poor dentition, can losing teeth cause problems with mastication?

A

Yes

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7
Q

What is the problem with prolonged mastication?

A

It takes too long for the individual to swallow.

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8
Q

What four problems can occur during the oral stage?

A

Hypertrophy of the tongue

Impaired sensory abilities

Prolonged mastication

Poor dentition

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9
Q

What six problems can occur during the pharyngeal stage?

A

Delayed swallow initiation

Inadequate hyolaryngeal excursion

Impairments in cricopharyngeal contraction and relaxation (UES)

Increased instances of laryngeal penetration (no aspiration)

Poor laryngeal adductor reflex

Sensory and motor impairments leading to residue

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10
Q

How do we rate penetration?

3

A

Shallow (just entered the larynx)

Middle (has gone further down into the larynx)

Deep (on the vocal folds)

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11
Q

What is the FEEST?

2

A

Endoscopy-based test

It is the FEES with sensory testing (ST)

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12
Q

What does the FEEST measure?

A

Adductor reflex

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13
Q

What is the laryngeal reflex?

A

It is when the vocal folds adduct

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14
Q

What causes the laryngeal reflex?

A

When there is air on the arytenoids

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15
Q

What kind of information do you need for the laryngeal reflex?

A

Sensory information

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16
Q

What could cause the lack of sensory information?

A

Damage to the SLN branch of the Vagus Nerve

17
Q

What does damage of pharyngeal stripping cause?

A

It causes there to be residue left after the swallow.

18
Q

How do you get rid of the residue left?

A

Swallow again

Use water/liquid to wash the food down further

19
Q

When do you take a second swallow?

A

When you sense the residue

20
Q

What three problems can occur during the esophageal stage?

A

Decreased motility of UES, LES and the esophageal body

Impaired resting pressure of UES

Peristalsis is poor - more pronounced in secondary peristalsis

21
Q

What are the three stages of aspiration?

A

before, during, and after

22
Q

What can you do to improve damaged physiology?

A

Exercises taught by therapist