Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

ECU Dysphagia > 1.2 Intro & Anatomy > Flashcards

1.2 Intro & Anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

What is dysphagia?

A

The inability to swallow

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is a bolus?

A

a food ball

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is laryngeal penetration?

A

Anything entering the larynx

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is aspiration?

A

when it goes below the level of the vocal folds

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is residue?

A

food that is left in the vocal tract after we complete a swallow. The type of residue tells about the anatomy structure.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What kind of function is swallowing?

A

a neuro-motor function like speech production

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What accompanying disorder do children and adults with neuro-motor speech disorders have?

A

a swallowing disorder

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Speech-production and swallowing involve what anatomical structures?

A

The same

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Who else works with patients with swallowing disorders?

11

A
  • Otolaryngologist
  • Gastroenterologist
  • Radiologist
  • Neurologist
  • Respiratory therapist
  • Occupational therapist
  • Dietician
  • Dentist
  • Nurse
  • Neurodevelopmental specialist
  • Patient’s family
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

When is an inpatient acute setting utilized?

A

When a patient first has the event, such as a stroke, and goes to the hospital

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

When is an inpatient sub-acute setting utilized?

A

Where a patient goes after acute or when prognosis gets better

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

When is an inpatient rehabilitation setting utilized?

A

Where a patient goes after they are stable but unable to be left alone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is an outpatient clinic setting?

A

It is like what we have at ECU

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

When is an home health setting utilized?

A

When a patient gets to go home and a SLP goes to their house to provide therapy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What structures are involved in the Oral stage?

1 + 8

A

Oral Cavity:

  • Lips
  • Jaw
  • Tongue
  • Hard palate
  • Soft palate
  • Cheek
  • Mandible
  • Maxilla.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What structures are involved in the Pharyngeal stage?

4

A

Base of the tongue

Soft palate

Larynx (hyoid bone, epiglottis, laryngeal vestibule, true and false vocal folds, ary-epiglottic folds)

Cricopharyngeus.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What structures are involved in the Esophageal stage?

A

Esophagus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What muscle opens up the UES?

A

Cricopharyngeus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What are the four muscles of mastication

A

Masseter

Temporalis

Medial pterygoid

Lateral pterygoids

.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What nerve innervates the muscles of mastication?

A

The trigeminal nerve

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What are the important cranial nerves for speech?

5

A
  • Trigeminal (V)
  • Facial nerve (XII)
  • Glossopharyngeal (IX)
  • Vagus (X)
  • Hypoglossal (XI)

.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What is the most important muscle of mastication?

A

Lateral pterygoid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What is affected when the trigeminal nerve is damaged?

A

Mastication

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What is an important muscle for lip closure?

A

Orbicularis oris

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

When does anterior spillage happen?

A

It happens when there isn’t complete closure of the orbicularis oris

(Food spills out the front of the mouth )

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

What is posterior spillage?

A

When food prematurally spills out at the back of the mouth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

What muscles are important to know about the lips?

5

A
  • Levator labii superioris
  • Zygomaticus Major
  • Zygomaticus Minor
  • Depressor anguli oris
  • Depressor Labii inferioris

.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

What is the risorius muscle responsible for?

A

It is responsible for stretching out the sides of the mouth for smiling

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

How is the facial nerve involved with the tongue?

A

It senses taste in the anterior 2/3 of tongue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

What does the tensor veli palatini muscle do?

A

Tenses the palate (adds the bulk)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

What does the levator veli palatini muscles do?

A

Elevates the palate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

What does the palatopharyngeus muscle do?

2

A

Closes the nasopharynx

Pull the pharynx upward behind the bolus of food (and nearly come together)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

What does the palatoglossus muscle do?

2

A

It raises back of tongue to connect with the palate

Narrows fauces (assuming to make sure bolus is small enough to swallow)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

What does the uvula do?

A

Triggers the gag reflex

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

What nerve controls all of the muscles of the palate except for the tensor veli palatini?

A

Vagus nerve

36
Q

What nerve innervates the tensor veli palatini?

A

Trigeminal nerve

37
Q

What are the four supra-hyoid muscles?

A

Geniohyoid

Digastric

Mylohyoid

Stylohyoid

38
Q

What is the most important suprahyoid muscle for the superior and anterior movements?

A

Geniohyoid

39
Q

What three supra-hyoid muscles are involved in superior movement?

A

Digastric

Mylohyoid

Stylohyoid

40
Q

What is the stylohyoid muscle innervated by?

A

Facial nerve

41
Q

What is the geniohyoid muscle innervated by?

A

Hypoglossal nerve

42
Q

What nerve innervates the mylohyoid and digastic?

A

Trigeminal nerve

43
Q

What is the anterior movement of the larynx important for?

A

Protection

44
Q

What is the superior movement of the larynx important for?

A

Opening up the UES

45
Q

What are the extrinsic muscles of the tongue?

4

A

Palatoglossus

Styloglossus

Hyoglossus

Genioglossus

46
Q

What is the Oral Preparatory Phase?

A

Preparing the food or liquid into a bolus

47
Q

What does the Oral Preparatory Phase require?

1+5

A

Requires coordination of…

  • Lips
  • Tongue
  • Teeth
  • Mandible
  • Cheeks
48
Q

What happens in the oral phase?

A

Bolus is propelled to the back of the mouth (oropharynx)

49
Q

What is the duration of the oral phase?

A

duration: 1 to 1.5 sec

50
Q

What are the steps of the pharyngeal phase?

7

A
  • Velopharyngeal closure
  • Tongue base retracts to posterior pharyngeal wall
  • Closure of the epiglottis
  • Hyoid elevation and laryngeal vestibule squeeze
  • Approximation of the true and false vocal folds
  • Pharyngeal stripping
  • Opening of the UES

.

51
Q

What does the oral prep phase require?

What is it negatively affected by? (3)

A

Intact dentition //

Poor salivary function

Surgical defects

Neurological disorders.

52
Q

What is triggered when food enters the mouth?

A

Sensory receptors (taste, smell, pressure, temperature).

53
Q

How does oral hygiene factor into aspiration?

2

A

Individuals with bad oral hygiene are more likely to develop pneumonia due to aspiration.

Having good oral hygiene decreases the change of developing pneumonia due to aspiration.

54
Q

Which glands produce saliva?

3

A

Parotid

Sub-mandibular

Sub-lingual

55
Q

What is important about the parotid gland?

A

It is the largest but doesn’t produce the most saliva

56
Q

What are the two types of saliva?

A

Thin watery (serum-like) or thick (mucous like)

57
Q

Why is saliva important?

3

A

Oral hygiene

Keeping micro-organisms away

Bolus formation

58
Q

What does the sub-mandibular gland produce?

A

Produces a combination of thin and thick liquid (responsible for 60 to 70%)

59
Q

What does the sub-lingual glands produce?

A

It only produces thick saliva

60
Q

What do you need to have a good saliva production?

A

Good oral hygiene

61
Q

What is the clinical term for dry mouth?

A

Xerostomia

62
Q

What nerve controls taste

sensation for the anterior 2/3rd of tongue and general sensation hard palate, and soft palate?

A

Facial Nerve

63
Q

What nerve controls Oral Sensation for the posterior 1/3rd of tongue?

A

Glossopharyngeal Nerve

64
Q

How does oral sensation travel to the sensory cortex?

4

A

Oral/pharyngeal areas ->

Nucleus Tractus-Solitarius ->

Thalamus ->

Sensory cortex

65
Q

In regards to the oral phase, what does the mastication muscles do?

(2)

A

Form the bolus

Bolus is placed on the tongue blade

66
Q

What is the second step of the oral phase?

2

A

Tip of the tongue is elevated and backward

Motion of the bolus into the oro-pharynx is initiated.

67
Q

What is the third step of the oral phase?

2

A

Extrinsic tongue muscles and palatal muscles work to push bolus posteriorly

Nasopharynx is sealed

68
Q

What is the forth step of the oral phase?

A

Sensory receptors in the posterior parts of the tongue and palate guide the initiation of pharyngeal swallowing.

69
Q

What sequential activation happens during the start pharyngeal phase?

A

Sequential activation of superior, middle and inferior constrictor muscles

70
Q

What is the 2nd step of the pharyngeal phase?

A

Contraction of the posterior portions of the tongue

Forward movement of Lower Pharyngeal Wall (LPW) and Posterior Pharyngeal Wall (PPW).

71
Q

What is the 3rd step of the pharyngeal phase?

What contributes to it?

A

Pharyngeal stripping,

Flow-pressure dynamics (movement from high pressure zones to low pressure zones)

72
Q

What is the 4th step of the pharyngeal phase?

A

Simultaneous activation of supra-hyoid muscles to move the hyoid bone upward and forward.

73
Q

What is the 5th step of the pharyngeal phase?

What happens during it? (2)

A

Closure of the larynx //

Epiglottic inversion

Laryngeal squeeze

74
Q

What is the last step of the pharyngeal phase?

A

Food reaches the level of Upper-esophageal segment.

75
Q

During the esophageal phase, what is triggered as the bolus enters the UES?

A

Peristalsis

wave-like muscle contractions that moves food

76
Q

Is there only one peristalsis?

A

There is a primary peristalsis and secondary peristalsis for every bolus

77
Q

During the esophageal phase, What propels the bolus to the LES?

A

Alternate ring like contractions

78
Q

During the esophageal phase, what happens if food is not cleared away by a primary peristalsis?

A

A secondary peristalsis happens to move boluses residue

79
Q

How is the esophageal phase assessed?

A

Manometry (this is not a part of our field)

80
Q

What is the white out period during a videoscopy?

A

This is when the screen goes white because everything squeezes.

81
Q

What is swallowing apnea?

When does it happen?

A

Momentary cessation of breathing during a swallow

It occurs when the vestibule is being squeezed

82
Q

What is pharyngeal stripping?

A

???

83
Q

When hypoglossal is impaired, what stage of swallowing will be most affected?

(2)

A

Oral Prep

Oral Stage

84
Q

What muscles are used in pharyngeal stripping?

A

Pharyngeal Constrictors

85
Q

How is the Internal Branch of SLN involved in swallowing?

What happens when it is impaired? (2)

A

Sensation within larynx //

Loss of ability to sense when to cough

Silent aspiration

ECU Dysphagia (31 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions