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ECU Dysphagia > 12.2 - Non-Oral Feeding Methods + Surgical Options > Flashcards

12.2 - Non-Oral Feeding Methods + Surgical Options Flashcards

1
Q

What are three different non-oral feeding methods?

A

NG tube

PEG tube

J-tube

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2
Q

What is an NG tube?

2

A

Nasogastric tube

It is passed through the nose and down through the nasopharynx and esophagus into the stomach

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3
Q

When is an NG tube chosen?

A

As a short term strategy

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4
Q

What is a PEG tube?

2

A

Percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy

It bypass the mouth and esophagus and leads directly to the stomach

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5
Q

What sort of food is used with PEG tubes?

A

Special formula

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6
Q

What is a J-tube?

2

A

Percutaneous endoscopic jejunostomy tube (PEJ)

A soft, plastic tube placed through the skin of
abdomen into the midsection of the small intestine.

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7
Q

When is a J-tube utilized?

A

Stomach malfunction

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8
Q

What sort of food is used with J-Tubes?

A

Specialized, predigested formulas

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9
Q

What are the benefits of NG Tubes?

5

A

Easy insertion

No anesthesia is needed

Generally well tolerated

Good short nutrition

Does not prevent patient from eating normally

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10
Q

What are the risks of NG Tubes?

7

A

Can be uncomfortable

Visible tube

Can distends PES and UES

May promote reflux

May promote nasal ulceration

May promote sinusitis

May delay swallow

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11
Q

What are the benefits of PEG tubes?

5

A

Can be used long-term

Tube is not visible

Patient can eat with tube in place

Inserted under local anesthesia,

Generally well tolerated

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12
Q

What are the risks of PEG Tubes?

5

A

Requires surgical placement

Infection can occur

Tube may fall out

Can cause reflux

Diarrhea

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13
Q

What are the benefits of J-tubes?

3

A

May reduce reflux

Tube is not visible

Provides nutrition even if stomach not available

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14
Q

What are the risks of J-Tubes?

4

A

Requires surgical placement

Needs continuous drip feeding

Requires hospital visits if dislodged

Special formula may not be tolerated

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15
Q

What are the three most common reasons for placing a feeding tube?

A

Inability to sustain nutrition orally (even with safe swallow)

Recovery from a short-term acute medical problem requires sufficient calories

Patient aspirates during eating

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16
Q

What are two surgical methods to improve Glottal Closure?

A

Medialization thyroplasty

Injection of biomaterials

17
Q

What are five surgical methods to improve Airway Protection?

A

Stents

Laryngotracheal separation

Laryngectomy

Tracheostomy tubes

Feeding tubes

18
Q

What are three surgical methods to Improve UES Opening?

A

Dilation

Myotomy

Botox injections

19
Q

What is Medicalization Thyroplasty?

2

A

Surgical technique where a small piece of plastic is place behind the VF

This moves the VF closer to midline allowing for easier adduction

20
Q

Is general anesthesia required for Medicalization Thyroplasty?

A

No

21
Q

How does the Injection of Biomaterials improve glottal closure?

A

They are injected directly into a weakened vocal fold to “bulk-up” the tissue to improve glottal closure.

22
Q

Which surgical method is used for smaller gaps?

Which is used for larger ones?

A

Injection of biomaterials

Medialization thyroplasty

23
Q

What is a Laryngeal Stent?

What does it require?

A

A laryngeal “plug” preventing material from entering the airway.

A tracheostomy because glottis is blocked.

24
Q

What is Laryngotracheal Separation?

A

The trachea is surgically separated from the larynx

25
Q

Are Laryngeal Stent and Laryngotracheal Separation permanent solutions?

A

Not usually

26
Q

What is a Total Laryngectomy?

2

A

The complete removal of the entire larynx

Patient now breathes through a stoma.

27
Q

Is a Total Laryngectomy a permanent solution?

What is a major benefit of this procedure?

A

Yes

It may allow the individual to ingest food and liquid safely

28
Q

What is the goal of Tracheostomy & Feeding Tubes?

What is a risk of Trachs?

A

Protection of the airway

Tracheostomy tubes can further impair swallowing in some patients

29
Q

What are the three goals of surgical interventions to improve UES opening?

A

Stretching

Cutting

Paralysis

30
Q

What is Dilation?

When is it often used?

A

It stretching the lumen of the UES

If the UES is restricted due to scarring

31
Q

What are risks of Dilation?

2

A

The tear may extend beyond esophageal tissue

The benefits are often temporary, requiring repeated procedures

32
Q

What is Myotomy?

A

A surgical technique in which cuts the fibers of the cricopharyngeal muscle within the PES to separate them

33
Q

How is Botox used to improve UES opening?

When should this procedure not be used?

A

It is injected into the muscles around the UES in order to paralyze and relaxing them

If patient has significant esophageal reflux

ECU Dysphagia (31 decks)

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