2.2 Development of Swallowing in Infants Flashcards
What does the Jaw provide for swallowing in infants?
2
Provides stability
Helps providing negative pressure
What does the Tongue provide for swallowing in infants?
2
It is large to create a central groove and to wrap the edges around the nipple.
What does the Hard Palate provide for swallowing in infants?
Provide the positive pressure along with the tongue
What does the Velum provide for swallowing in infants?
Provides the posterior seal
What is different about the Pharynx in infants?
3
High hyoid position – less elevation
Larynx grows and descends.
Naso pharynx to hypopharynx is curve-like.
What are the two types of sucking behaviors?
Non-nutritive
Nutritive
What is Non-Nutritive sucking?
Is apnea present?
Rhythmic movements on a pacifier, finger
No - Infants breathe
What is Nutritive sucking?
Is apnea present?
Sucking for nutritive purposes
Yes - Apneic period.
What is the Suck-Swallow ratio for Nutritive sucking?
When does it begin?
Suck-swallow ratio of 1:1
32 weeks of gestational age
What is a Suckle?
Primitive and backward-forward movement of the tongue
What is a Suck?
More efficient – up and down movement of the tongue
What is a Rooting Reflex?
What is its purpose?
When a baby’s mouth, lips, cheek, or chin are touched by an object, the head and mouth turn towards the object and the baby opens its mouth.
This reflex allows a baby to seek out and grasp a nipple.
What initiates a Suck/Swallow Reflex?
When does it begin?
After opening the mouth when baby’s lips and mouth area are touched, suckling or sucking movements begin.
As liquid moves into the mouth, the tongue moves it to the back of the mouth for swallowing.
What is a Tongue Thrust Reflex?
What is its purpose?
When the lips are touched, the baby’s tongue moves out of the mouth.
This reflex allows for feeding from the breast or bottle but not from a spoon or cup.
What is a Gag Reflex?
What happens when it is too sensitive?
When an object, such as a spoon or solid food, is placed way back in the mouth, the object is quickly moved back out of the mouth on the tongue.
It can affect normal swallow patterns
What may happen to feeding reflexes in infants who are delayed in their development?
These reflexes may be stronger or weaker, or last longer than normal
What are typical Mouth Patterns seen in the first 5 months of age?
(4)
Suck/swallow reflex
Tongue thrust reflex
Rooting reflex
Gag reflex
What are typical Hand + Body Skills seen in the first 5 months of age?
(2)
Poor control of head, neck, trunk
Brings hands to mouth around 3 months
What are typical Feeding Skills/Abilities seen in the first 5 months of age?
(2)
Swallows liquids
Pushes most solid objects from mouth
What are typical Mouth Patterns seen from 4-6 months?
6
Draws in upper/lower lip when spoon removed from mouth
Up-and-down munching movement
Can transfer food from front to back of tongue to swallow
Tongue thrust and rooting reflexes begin to disappear
Gag reflex diminishes
Opens mouth when sees spoon approaching
What are typical Hand + Body Skills seen from 4-6 months?
2
Sits alone easily
Transfers objects from hand to mouth
What are typical Feeding Skills/Abilities seen from 4-6 months of age?
(2)
Begins to eat ground or finely chopped food
Begins to eat small pieces of soft food
What are typical Mouth Patterns seen from 8-11 months of age?
(3)
Moves food from side-to side in mouth
Begins to curve lips around rim of cup
Begins to chew in Rotary Pattern (diagonal movement
of the jaw as food is moved to the side or center of the mouth)
What are typical Hand + Body Skills seen from 8-11 months of age?
(2)
Sits alone easily
Transfers objects from hand to mouth
What are typical Feeding Skills/Abilities seen from 8-11 months of age?
(2)
Begins to experiment with spoon but prefers to feed self with hands
Drinks from a cup with less spilling
What food is appropriate for infants from birth to 3 months of age?
(1+2)
LIQUIDS ONLY
- Breast milk
- Infant formula with iron
What food is appropriate for infants 4-7 months of age?
1+3
ADD SEMISOLID FOODS
- Infant cereal with iron
- Strained vegetables*
- Strained fruit*
(*may be started later in the
age range)
What food is appropriate for infants 8-11 months of age?
1+9
ADD MODIFIED TABLE FOODS
- Mashed or diced soft fruit
- Mashed or soft cooked
vegetables - Mashed egg yolk
- Strained meat/poultry
- Mashed cooked beans or peas
- Cottage cheese, yogurt, or cheese strips
- Pieces of soft bread
- Crackers
- Breast milk, iron-fortified formula, or fruit juice in a cup
