3.1 Production Processes Flashcards
What is production?
The action of making or manufacturing from components or raw materials
What is job production?
Job production is where one single product is made at a time
Products are made for a specific client or customer
What are the benefits of job production?
-Products made are high quality, which means higher prices can be charged.
-Staff are motivated, increases productivity and lower rates of absenteeism
What is a drawback of job production?
- The production process can be slow and labour intensive
- Skilled labour and craftsmen are expensive
- Wide range of tools may be required
- Hard to speed up if demand increases
What is flow production?
• Flow production uses production lines with continuous movements of items through the process
• Many mass produced products are made this way
• The factory would be laid out in assembly line
Advantages of flow production
- Large quantities can be made, so they can bulk buy raw materials and save money (economies of scale)
- Production is continuous, stock doesn’t need to be held Just In Time system can be used
- Automated and computerised production means improved quality and more complex designs can be made in shorter times
Disadvantages of flow production
• High costs to buy the factory and machinery
• Low motivation of staff due to repetitive tasks
• Break downs and lost production can be costly
• Very inflexible, hard to change the factory machinery to make different products, the production process will be set up to make just one item e.g. bottled cola
Lean production
• Lean production uses as few resources as possible
• Workers are encouraged to think about ways to improve their productivity
• Lean production uses JIT or just-in-time delivery - the aim is that stock arrives at the factory just as it is needed
What are the 7 wastes?
Transport, motion, inventory, waiting, over-processing, overproduction, defects
What is Transport waste?
Unnecessary movement of parts and employees between processes
What is motion waste?
Unnecessary movement of parts and employees within processes
What is Inventory waste?
Stock sitting about not being used
What is waiting waste?
Employees or parts waiting to be processed
What is Over-Processing waste?
Beyond the standard required by the customer
What is Overproduction waste?
To produce more than is being demanded by the customer