3.1 - Metabolism and Energy

Question 1

First Law of Thermodynamics

Answer 1

“The total amount of energy in the universe is constant. Energy cannot be created or destroyed, it can only be converted from one form to another”

Question 2

Kinetic Energy

Answer 2

Energy moving objects has

Question 3

Potential Energy

Answer 3

Energy stored based on the position of an object Comprises Gravitational and Chemical Energies

Question 4

activation energy

Answer 4

The amount of energy require to break a chemical bond

Question 5

Exergonic Reactions

Answer 5

Energy of products is less than reactants
FREE ENERGY IS RELEASED!!!
Used in Cellular Respiration
Energy released by glucose is harnessed into ATP at a controlled rate
Products have less energy and are therefore more stable

Question 6

Endergonic Reactions

Answer 6

Energy of products more than reactants

Light energy converted to stored chemical energy (glucose)

Question 7

2nd Law of Thermodynamics

Answer 7

Spontaneous change is a change that will continue once begun (does not require a constant supply of energy).
Entropy = randomness and Chaos
The universe favours Entropy
In all reactions, Energy and entropy are needed

Question 8

Gibbs Free Energy

Answer 8

Energy left over from reactions is available to do useful work. ΔG → free energy. A negative ΔG means the reaction is spontaneous (won’t need a continuous input of energy) In order to maintain efficiency, “metabolism” uses reaction coupling (the transfer of energy from one reaction to another) in order to use as much energy as possible.

Question 9

bond energy

Answer 9

The greater the bond energy the more chemically stable the bond. the more energy is required to break the bond. As bonds are broken and formed energy is transferred from bond to bond.

Question 10

ΔG=

Answer 10

Gfinal-Ginitial=Gproducts-Greactants

Question 11

Harnessing Free Energy

Answer 11

Cells release free energy by gradually
breaking down organic fuel in a series of
reactions each catalyzed by an enzyme