1.4 - Carbohydrates and Lipids

Question 1

Carbohydrates functions?

Answer 1

energy storage, structural support and cell surface markers.

Question 2

Types of carbohydrates

Answer 2

Monosaccharides, disaccharides (two monosaccharides), and polysaccharides (Oligosaccharides are 3-10 mono. Polysaccharides are more than 10 mono

Question 3

Monosaccharides (definition and classified as)

Answer 3

Single chains of carbons with hydrogen atoms and hydroxyl groups attached. Classified as hexoses (6 carbon sugars) or pentoses (5 carbon sugars)

Question 4

Isomer

Answer 4

Same formula, different structure. Ex. Alpha glucose ad Beta glucose where the hydroxyl group is on top in beta and bottom on alpha.

Question 5

Disaccharides

Answer 5

2 monosaccharides linked from a glycosidic bond (ether bond)

Question 6

freebie

Answer 6

:) you got this

Question 7

how do glycosidic bonds form?

Answer 7

through dehydration synthesis one monosaccharide loses a hydroxyl group, the other loses a hydrogen atom. byproduct of water.

Question 8

sucrose

Answer 8

glucose (alpha) 1-2 fructose

Question 9

lactose

Answer 9

galactose (beta) 1-4 glucose

Question 10

maltose (beer sugar)

Answer 10

glucose (alpha) 1-4 glucose

Question 11

polysaccharide

Answer 11

hundreds-thousands of monosaccharides.

Question 12

types of polysaccharides (list)

Answer 12

starch, cellulose, glycogen, chitin

Question 13

(polysac) starches

Answer 13

Starch (amylose) is thousands of glucose molecules in a big chain. it is a storage molecule for plants. its turned into glucose monomers when digested.

Question 14

(polysac) cellulose

Answer 14

cellulose is many glucose molecules linked different from starch. (α vs β). its in cell walls. we cant digest it but is an important dietary fibre

Question 15

(polysac) glycogen

Answer 15

energy storage in muscle and liver. turned into glucose when glucose levels in blood lowers.

Question 16

(polysac) chitin

Answer 16

insect exoskeleton

Question 17

lipids (not list)

Answer 17

lipids (fats) are the most common energy-storing molecule in living organisms (fat stores more than carbs to this ratio 9:4) their hydrophobic and help build membranes and cell parts. then can chemical signal.

Question 18

types of lipids.

Answer 18

triglycerides, phospholipids, steroids, waxes

Question 19

triglycerides (composed of)

Answer 19

one glycerol molecule and 4 fatty acids

Question 20

fatty acids (triglycerides) - types

Answer 20

saturated and unsaturated(double bond causes a bend in the molecule.

Question 21

saturated fat (triglyceride)

Answer 21

Saturated Fatt is all single bonds between carbon molecules. “Saturated” refers to the # of H atoms surrounding each C atom.

Question 22

unsaturated fat (triglyceride) types

Answer 22

monounsaturated and polyunsaturated.

Question 23

mono-unsaturated fats (info not list)

Answer 23

Mono-unsaturated fats have one double bond in the carbon atoms of the fatty acid chain.

Question 24

poly-unsaturated (info not list)

Answer 24

Poly-unsaturated fats have more than one double bond amongst the carbon atoms in the fatty acid chain

Question 25

phospholipids

Answer 25

they compose the cell membrane, glycerol molecule attatched to 2 fatty acids. they form balls called micelles when added to water.

Question 26

steroids

Answer 26

hydrophobic, many functional groups. they are for hormonal signaling and aid cells with growth and the environment.