1.2 - Water: Life’s Solvent and 1.3 - The Carbon Chemistry of Life Flashcards
Cohesion
Water attracted to more water molecules because of polarity
Adhesion
Water attracted to other materials
Surface Tension
Water is pulled together creating the smallest surface area possible
why is water the universal solvent
it dissolves more solutes than any other solvent.
Solute
substance dissolved in a solvent to form a solution
Solvent
fluid that dissolves solutes
why is water harder to heat than other solvents.
Because of hydrogen bonds
It takes much more energy to raise the temperature of water compared to other solvents.
Why is ice less dense than water
Water is less dense as a solid because the hydrogen bonds are stable in ice, each
molecule is bound to 4 of its neighbours.
acids
substances that increase [H3O+]when dissolved in water
bases
substances that increase [OH-]when dissolved in water
hydrocarbon
Hydrogen and carbon, they are hydrophobic, usually non polar
what elements can be part of a functional group?
Hydrogen, Carbon, Nitrogen, phosphorus, sulfur, oxygen
characteristic of functional groups
They are hydrophilic (except the phosphate group) and polar. they increase the solubility in water of the organic molecule they attach to.
hydroxyl (chemical formula, and what they are found in?)
formula: -OH. found in alcohols.
carboxyl (chemical formula, and what they are found in?)
formula: -COOH. found in acids
