1.1 - The Fundamental Chemistry of life

Question 1

The periodic table is organized by?

Answer 1

Atomic number, Atomic mass, Electronegativity

Question 2

Ionic

Answer 2

Bonds between metals and non-metals

The metal loses its valence electrons to the non-metal the charge holds the pair together

Question 3

Covalent

Answer 3

Bonds between non-metals

Atoms share their valence electrons

Question 4

The two types of covalent bonds?

Answer 4

Non-polar covalent: two atoms share the electron pair equally
Polar covalent: two atoms share the electron pair unequally and one atom has a stronger pull (higher electronegativity).

Question 5

VSEPR stand for?

Answer 5

Valence Shell Electron Pair Repulsion

Question 6

VSEPR info?

Answer 6

Non-bonding electron pairs occupy more space than bonding pairs
Symmetrical structures have
non-polar geometries
Asymmetrical structures have polar
geometries

Question 7

London Dispersion

Answer 7

Only forces between non-polar molecules and noble gases

Exist between all atoms and molecules

Question 8

Dipole-Dipole

Answer 8

Dipole-Dipole forces hold polar molecules together

Question 9

Hydrogen Bonds

Answer 9

dipole-dipole interactions
strong
Electropositive H on one polar attracted to N,O,F or high electronegative element.

Question 10

4 main chemical reactions:

Answer 10

dehydration, hydrolysis, redox and neutralization

Question 11

Dehydration

Answer 11

monomers make polymers by releasing water and bonding

Question 12

Hydrolysis

Answer 12

breaks polymers into monomers and requires the use of water

Question 13

Neutralization

Answer 13

Acid + Base = K^+OH^- + salt

Question 14

Redox

Answer 14

Reduction and Oxidation of electrons.

Red- Ox

Question 15

3 types of redox

Answer 15

By transfer of electrons
By transfer of H atoms (which carry electrons)
from one compound to another
By transfer of O atoms from one compound to
another (O atoms draw electrons away from
compounds because it is highly
electronegative)