3.1 Exam Q Flashcards
3-chloro-2,4-dimethylpentanoic acid
2,2,4-trimethylpentane
4-methylpent-3-en-2-ol
. Draw the structure of a secondary alcohol that contains 6 carbon atoms.
name
2,2-dimethylpropane
ethanoic acid
5
Draw the straight chain isomer
Draw and name the structural isomers of C4H10O that are alcohols.
10
Explain why ethanoic acid is soluble in water but hexanoic acid is not.
Ethanoic acid is soluble because it can form hydrogen bonds with the water.
In hexanoic acid, although the -COOH group forms hydrogen bonds with water, the longer carbon chain cannot form hydrogen bonds. This exerts such a large hydrophobic effect that the compound is insoluble.
Explain why 1-chlorobutane has a higher boiling temperature than chloroethane. [2]
It has stronger/more Van der Waals forces (1)
Because it has a larger surface area / hydrocarbon chain (1)
longer chain
increase surface contact
more Van der Waals forces
Explain why ethanol is soluble in water but ethane is not. [2]
only ethanol forms hydrogen bonds / ethane does not form hydrogen
bonds but ethanol does (1)
with water (1)
ethane - only forms induced diapole bonds
ethanol - hydroxide group can form hydrogen bonds with water
(d) Butane is another common alkane. Two other compounds with a similar molecular mass
to butane are ethanoic acid and propan-1-ol.
The boiling temperatures in °C for butane, ethanoic acid and propan-1-ol are
–1, 97 and 118, but not necessarily in that order.
Deduce the boiling temperature of each compound, giving reasons in support of your
conclusions.
1)-1 2)118 3)97
