3.1 Emergence Of The Globalisation Of Sport In The 21st Century (P2) Flashcards

1
Q

Define amateur

A

A person who plays sport for the love of it and receives no financial gain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Define professional

A

A person who plays sport for financial gain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What were the values of amateurism during late 19th C?

A
  • manliness
  • robustness
  • physical endeavour
  • appreciating the value of health and fitness
  • appreciating the value of rule-regulated activity
  • high moral integrity
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are the characteristics of a ‘gentleman amateur’?

A
  • respected member of society
  • high status in sport
  • belonging to the social elite
  • plenty of free time for sport
  • playing a range of sport using natural talent
  • playing sport to a high moral code
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are the positive impacts of amateurism?

A
  • amateurs held a higher status than professionals
  • the code of amateurism enforced the rules
  • amateurism adhered to a code of ethics
  • increased participation in sport as it was viewed as ‘character building’
  • amateurs were the elite performers of the 19th century
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Key features of early 20th century amateurs?

A
  • still more elite than professionals
  • high status
  • controllers of sport
  • highly moral (emphasised sportsmanship)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Key features of modern-day amateurs

A
  • lower status
  • some high level performers are still not professional
  • performance at top level is open to all
  • some amateurs receive finance for training expenses
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

How has the amateur code continued in British sport?

A

Eg:
shaking hands
calling referee ‘sir’

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What factors are responsible for the growth of professional sport?

A
  • all classes can compete
  • people are respected for their talents
  • high rewards for professionals (sponsorship)
  • professionals have more time to train
  • increased media coverage
  • positive role models act as motivators
  • more spectators
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What are the reasons for the development of association football?

A
  • urbanisation (increased audience)
  • more leisure time
  • more disposable income
  • improved transport
  • increased professionalism
  • social class links (middle class approval)
  • increased organisation
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is Bosman ruling?

A

A European Court of Justice decision concerning freedom of movement for workers. It effectively allowed footballers within the EU to move at the end of their contract to another club without a transfer fee being paid.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What socio-cultural factors have led to an increase in opportunities for women?

A
  • equal opportunities
  • increased media coverage
  • more female role models
  • more provision via school PE programmes
  • increased encouragement via FA
  • more clubs are forming
  • more funding
  • more leisure time
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Define lawn tennis

A

Originally called ‘sphairistrike’ and played on an hour glass shaped court before its name and court shape were quickly replaced.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Key features of lawn tennis

A
  • middle class invention (alternative to real tennis)
  • played by the middle class
  • organised by the middle class
  • use of specialist equipment
  • standardised rules
  • played by males and females
  • spread to WC via public provisions
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

How was athletics rationalised into track & field athletics?

A
  • Purpose built facilities + tracks built in mid 19th century.
  • People started wagering and spectating on events.
  • UC and MC ran for enjoyment (amateurs).
  • LC ran for money and were deemed professionals.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Why was sport seen as a non-acceptable activity for women?

A

It was un-lady like due to strict dress code

17
Q

What are the components of Golden Triangle?

A

Media, Business and Sport

18
Q

Define media

A

An organised means of communication by which large numbers of different people can be reached quickly.

19
Q

Define golden triangle

A

Refers to the relationship between sport, business and media.

20
Q

Define commercialisation

A

Process of attempting to gain money from an activity

21
Q

Define sponsorship

A

When a company pays money for their products to be publicly advertised to increase sales.

22
Q

Define merchandising

A

Where a brand or image of one product is used to sell another.

23
Q

Characteristics of commercial sport

A
  • contracts
  • wide media coverage
  • entertainment
24
Q

Effects of commercialisation on professional performers

A

High income for participation + promoting products -> financial security.

Must specialise in a sport which requires serious training and dedication.

Successful results means pay rise.

Under pressure to perform when injured.

25
Q

Effects of commercialisation on sport

A
  1. Rules and regulations changed
  2. Breaks are provided so sponsors can advertise
  3. Competition formats have changed
  4. Sports played by women receive less coverage
  5. Increased technology gives spectators a more personal experience
26
Q

Why do companies invest large amounts of money into sport?

A
  • increased sales and profits
  • creates association with excellence at highest levels of sport
  • links corporate hospitality
  • creates association with healthy image of sport
  • increased brand awareness/adds value
  • improves company moral
27
Q

Define globalisation

A

Process whereby nations are increasingly being linked together and people are becoming more independent via improvements in communication and travel

28
Q

How is globalisation seen in sport?

A
  • sponsorship of events
  • players are recruited to play for teams in other countries
  • spreading of different sports to new nations
  • increased pressure on athletes to perform at their best —> could lead misuse of substances
29
Q

Define social media

A

Online apps and websites which allow users to interact by sharing content and taking part in social networking

30
Q

What impact does social media have on sport?

A
  • creates large and engaged fan bases
  • allows athletes to interact with audience
  • spectators can keep up with news