3.1 Attempts To Reduce Tension 1969-1979 Flashcards
When is Nixon elected
1968
When is Salt 1
1972
When does Brezhnev visit Washington?
1973
When are the Helsinki accords?
1975
When is Salt 2?
1979
What caused Détente?
‘Mutually assured destruction’
-Cuba missiles crisis showed how a war could break out by accident
What is détente
There was a genuine attempt to have a more stable and co-operative relationship
Why did the USA follow Détente?
- Nixon wanted to take the USA out the vietnam war
- large scale demonstrations about the USA having a reduced role in international affairs
- inequality caused riots in 1968(MLK assasination)USA could fix these problems with reduced spending on arms
Why did the soviets follow Détente?
- poor living standards
- building nuclear weapons cost a lot of money so the econemy wasn’t developing
What does SALT stand for?
Strategic Arms Limitations Treaty
What was agreed at SALT 1(3 treaties)?
Anti-Ballistic Missile Treaty:(ABMs only allowed at 2 sities holding a max of 100 missiles each)
The Interim treaty: placed restrictions on the number of ICBMs and SLBMs a country could have
Basic Principles Agreement laid down rules for the conduct nuclear warfair
What are the three consequences of SALT 1?
- Nixon visits Brezhnev in Moscow 1973
- Talks for SALT 2 begin in1974
- Helsinki accords in 1975
What were the 3 limitations of SALT 1?
- would a piece of paper stop a nuclear war?
- each side still had enough weapons to destroy the other many times over
- did not cover the most recent technological development: MIRVs
What were MRIVs?
Multiple nuclear warheads carried on a single missile
Whhat were and what happened at the Helskini accords? In 1975
33 countries from NATO and the Warsaw pact met to build on SALT’1s agreements
Agreegments were desribed as baskets
Basket 1: European borders cannot be altered by force
Basket 2: international co-operation of trade agreements, technology exchanges and a joint space mission
Basket 3: Human rights to be respected across Europe
Why was Basket 1 significant?
First time Germany’s borders were formally accepted
What baskets was Brezhnev happy/unhappy with?
Happy with 1 and 2
Not happy with 3
What baskets were the USA happy/unhappy with?
Happy with 3
Unhappy with 1 and 2
When was SALT 2 agreed?
1979
What was included in SALT 2?
Restictions on missile launchers, strategic bombers and a ban of ICBM testing
SALT 2 was overshadowed because relations were fading, what were 3 reasons for this
Carter’s goverment don’t trust the soviets
American people want to see America as internationally powerful
-Soviot invasion of Afganistan in 1979 which ends Détente
What were the three treaties in SALT 1 1972?
- The anti ballistic missiles treaty
- interim treaty
- Basic Principles agreement
What did the Anti-Ballistic missiles treaty state?
ABMs were allowed at only two sites 100 in each
What did the interim treaty do?
It put restrictions on the amount of ICBMs ans SLBMs a country could have
What did the basic Principles agreement do?
Laid down rules for the conduct of nuclear warfare(banned war heads on the sea bed)
What are SLBSs
Submarine missiles
What does Slat 1 not include?
MIRVs
Apaprt from the invasion of afgan what stopped detente
- not trusing soviets
- wanted a stronger stance
- asser dominace(issue with emmbasy)
