1.3 The Cold War Intensifies

Question 1

Why was nato created?

Answer 1

Stalin’s threat to Berlin and the communist takeover of Czech.

(If one memeber was attacked all the members would come to their aid.

Question 2

What caused the formation of the Warsaw pact?

Answer 2

West Germany joining NATO in may 1955

(Armed and powerful West Germany on border of soviot controlled Eastern Europe.

Question 3

When does Khrushchev make his speech criticising Stalin?

Answer 3

Feb 56

Question 4

When does Rakosi fall from power in Hungary?

Answer 4

July 56

Question 5

When do Budapest protest about communist rule turn to riots?

Answer 5

October 56

Question 6

When does Khrushchev agree Nagy can be priminster?

Answer 6

24 oct 56

Question 7

When does Nagy annouce Hungary is leaving the Warsaw pact?

Answer 7

3 nov 56

Question 8

When do soviets return to Budapest and after a bloody battle gain control?

Answer 8

4 nov 56

Question 9

What were Nagy’s reforms?

Answer 9

• non-communist parties
• immediate release of political prisoners
• persuaded Khrushchev to withdraw soviot troops from Hungary.

Question 10

Was Krushschev prepared to accept the reforms if they calmed the unrest in Hungary?

Answer 10

Yes

Question 11

Why did people begin to protest in Hungary?

Answer 11

• lack of political freedoms
• problems created by fuel shortages and poor harvests
• poor living standards
• fear of the secret police
• the economy was controlled by the soviots through Comecon

Question 12

Why could Khrushchev not allow Nagy to leave the Warsaw pact?

Answer 12

Because if Hungary broke away other Eastern European countries (whole stratergy with surrounding soviots with communist goverments woukd br under threat.

Question 13

What did Nagy and his supporters mis calculate about Khrushchev?

Answer 13

They thought his criticism of Stalin would lead to a softer approach on the satellite states- they were very wrong

Question 14

Why did the US not get invloved in the Hungarian uprising?

Answer 14

They had a policy of containment meaning they would use military action to stop communisy spreading but it was not prepared to interfere in the affairs of an existing communist country.

(And they Did not want to risk a nuclear war)

Question 15

When did studient demonstations begin in Budapest dmeanding free elections and withdraw of soviet troops?

Answer 15

23 oct 56

Question 16

What did the Hungarian uprising do for khrushchev?

Answer 16

• made his position much more secure

- he became more confident in dealing with the US as he knew they were unlikely to take military action

Question 17

How many people were polictical prisoners in Hunngary pre Nagy?

Answer 17

200,000

Question 18

What did Stalin’s death in 53 cause

Answer 18

• a 3 year power struggle(Khrushchev comes in during 1956)
• khrushchev’s crisisism of his policies(khrushchev suggested peaceful co-existance with the west)
• hope on both sides as new leaders coild reduce tensions and find a solution for the expensive arms race(added by Khrushchev critisising Stalin)
• de stalinization
• due to Khrushchev critising Stalin, soviet authority in East europe decreases as they look to take advantage of Khrushchev’s approach by getting more freedom-UNTIL hungarian uprising

Question 19

When do the soviets develop the atom bomb?

Answer 19

1949

Question 20

When do the USA and soviets get the atom bomb

Answer 20

USA: -1945

Soviets: -1949

Question 21

When do the USA and soviets get the hydrogen bomb?

Answer 21

USA: 1952

Soviets: 1953

Question 22

When do the USA and soviets successfully test ICBMs?

Answer 22

USA: 1957

Soviets: 1957

Question 23

Why was being the only country with the atom bomb important to the USA(until 1949)?

Answer 23

It made them feel secure and was an important counter as the soviets had more conventional weapons

Question 24

How many times more powerful is a hydrogen bomb than a nuclear bomb?

Answer 24

1000 times more powerful

Question 25

What could ICBMs do?

Answer 25

Fire a nuclear warhead at a target more than 4,500 km away

Question 26

Boths sides start using nuclear warheads as a _______

Answer 26

Deterrent

Question 27

When does Eisenhower take office?

Answer 27

1953

Question 28

When does Khrushchev make his speech criticising Stalin?

Answer 28

Febuary 1956

Question 29

What are Nagy’s reforms?

Answer 29

• ending the one party state
• release of political prisoners
• persaudes Khrushchev to remove Warsaw pact troops from Hungary

Question 30

Why couldn’t Khrushchev allow Hungary to leave the Warsaw pact?

Answer 30

If Hingary broke away pther countries might follow. Then the whole stratergy of having security by surrounding the soviet union with pro communist goverments would be unfer threat

Question 31

2 consequences of hungarian uprising

Answer 31

P1: soviet position secure(12 years until someone tries again)(USA won’t help satellite states)

P2: worse relations USA look hypocritical + Khrushchev knows they won’t take direct military action against the soviets

Question 32

2 consequences of hungarian uprising

Answer 32

P1: soviet position secure(12 years until someone tries again)(USA won’t help satellite states)

P2: worse relations USA look hypocritical

Question 33

When is NATO created?

Answer 33

1949