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GCSE History cold war > 1.2 The Development Of The Cold War > Flashcards

1.2 The Development Of The Cold War Flashcards

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1
Q

When was the truman doctrine?

A

March 1947

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2
Q

What three things led to the creation of the truman doctrine

A
  • Kennan’s long telegram told Truman Stalin wanted to spread communism throughout Europe- Trumans mi,itary adivsers told him the soviots were not powerful strong enough to fight a war against the west
  • stalin did’t need to fight a war but influence the disconnected people of Europe in war torn countries to support communism and help set up communist goverments
  • Britan announced it could no longer support the Greek goverment (because they were nearly bankrupt) in their war against the communist guerrillas(same thing was happening in Turkey
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3
Q

What was the truman doctrine?

A

A speech to congress

Ended policy of isolationism

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4
Q

What was included in the truman doctrine?

A
  • 400 million dollars in aid to Greece and Turkey(military personal sent to the areas)
  • he spoke of two alternate ways of life:-one with freedom of opppression and one where minoritory rule was forced on the majority
  • he said communism should not be allowed to grow and the USA was willing to send troops and economic aid to countries willing to resist it
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5
Q

What was different about the truman doctrine for the USA

A

Their policy of isolationism was abandoned and replaced with containment

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6
Q

When was the Marshall plan announced?

A

June 1947(3 months after the truman doctrine)

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7
Q

What was the marshall plan?

A

A practical outcome of the truman doctrine: providing economic aid to war torn countries to stop communism taking over in western Europe

1948-1952: 12.7 billion dollars given in aid

(13 billion already given before the plan went into action)

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8
Q

Did the USA offer the Marshall plan to the soviets and their satellite states, if so why?

A

The USA offered it to the soviets and their satellite states knowing that they would refuse becasue countries had to provide a thorough review of their finances

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9
Q

What was the Marshall plan’s impact on international relations?

A
  • any lingering belief that the frand alliance still existed was gone
  • Stalin’s suspicions were inforced that the USA wanted to crush the soviots
  • Europe divided into two economic camps: Marshall plan and Comecon
  • started a fierce rivalry
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10
Q

After the Marshall plan what did the soviets accuse the USA of?

A

Dollar imperialism:

-US trying to:

  • build an economic empire in Europe
  • undermining the role of the united nations
  • exptend their influence throughout Europe
  • using their economic to divide Europe in two
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11
Q

How did the soviets act in response to the Marshall plan?

A
  • Stalin sets up Comiform: gives Stalin a way of directing and controlling the goverments of the satellite states. They were advised to not trade with the west(dollar imperialism)
  • Stalin sets up Comecon to offer an alternative to the Marshall plan to keep the satellite states inder his control
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12
Q

When was Comiform set up?

A

1947

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13
Q

When was Comecon set up?

A

1949

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14
Q

What was the aim of Comecon?

A

To support economic growth of its member states

-to arrange trade a credit agreements between member countries

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15
Q

What was Comecon used for after 1953.

A
  • to organise the industrial planning across all the satellite states:
  • each state had a 5 year plan and nationalised industry(they each produced something needed for all of the member states)
  • trade witj the west was discouraged
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16
Q

Why were Comiform and Comecon significant?

A

Because it was one of the many reasons that persuaded the west to set up NATO in 1949

17
Q

What caused the formation of Bizionia and Trizonia?

A
  • soviets storm out of talks with foreign ministers of Germany’s occupying powers(December 1947)
  • with the Soviets no longer co-operating the west decide how to run their side
  • USA and Britan had already combined their zones to from Bozonia and France added their zone in March 1948 to create Trizonia
18
Q

What does Trizonia do that really angers the Soviets?

A

The west create a single currency- the Deutschmark

19
Q

Why were the soviets angry about the creation of the Deutschmark?

A
  • it created a sperate econmic unit form the East-so it acknowledged their were two Germanys
  • they saw it as forcing the soviet side into poverty. This mde them more determined
20
Q

When does Stalin shut off land routes into soviet controlled Germany?

A

June 1948

21
Q

What was Stalin’s thinking Behind shutting of the land routes into East Germany?

A

-Berlin would run out of food and Stalin would win a big propaganda success

22
Q

Why did the west fly suppies into West Berlin?

A

They knew an attempt to force supplies into Berlin would be a military confrontation

-however if they flew supplies in than if they got shot down Stalin would be the agressor.

23
Q

What was the Berlin airlift called

A

Operation Vittles

24
Q

What was flown into Berlin?

A

Necessities like food and coal

Americans and British each flew in roughly 1,000 tonnes of supplies every dau

25
Q

In the Peak month of January 1949 how much supplies were send in

A

170,000 tonnes

26
Q

When did the soviets lift the blockade?

A

May 1949

27
Q

What happened three days after the soviets lifted the blockade?

A

Federal republic of Germany made(West Germany)

28
Q

When was the German democratic republic made?

A

October 1949 but only the Communist block reconised it as a nation

29
Q

What event persuaded the Western powers that they needed a military alliance to protect themselves against the soviets!?

A

The communist take over of Czech

30
Q

What was the purpsenof NATO(set up in 1949)

A

If any member was attacked all the members of NATO would come to its assistance

31
Q

When was the Warsaw pact created?

A

1955

32
Q

What caused the creation of the Warsaw Pact?

A

West Germany joining NATO(a threat of an armed Germany on its doorstep

  • within a week the Warsaw pact was created
  • the leadership of the alliance was entirely under soviot control
33
Q

When was NATO created?

A

April 1949

34
Q

2 consequences of the truman doctrine?

A

P1: -Mrashall plan (+isolationism replaced with continment)

P2: formation of comcon(1949) and cominform

35
Q

Why was cominform created?

A

It gave Stalin a way of directing and controlling thr satellite states

(Ensure they take orders from Moscow)

GCSE History cold war (17 decks)

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