3.1 - Anatomy and physiology Of The ANS

Question 1

Nervous System

Answer 1

• CNS — Brain & Spinal Cord

* PNS — Nerves

Question 2

PNS

Answer 2

• Sensory/ Afferent Neurons
– GOING to the brain
• Motor/ Efferent Neurons
– AWAY from the brain

Question 3

Motor/ Efferent Neurons

Answer 3

• Somatic NS

* ANS

Question 4

ANS

Answer 4

• Enteric NS
• Sympathetic NS
• Parasympathetic

Question 5

– 1 neuron set-up
– Voluntary
(Skeletal muscle contraction)

Answer 5

Somatic

Question 6

– 2 neuron set-up
– Involuntary; autonomic
(❤️ beat, excretion of the fluids)

Answer 6

ANS

Question 7

Mechanism of Impulse transport across the synapse/ interface

Answer 7

Synaptic Neurotransmission

Question 8

Parts of Synapse

Answer 8

• Pre-synapse
• Synaptic Cleft
• Post-synapse

Question 9

– Synthesis, storage, release of NT
– Metabolizing enzymes
– Autoreceptors — Autoregulation

Answer 9

Pre-synapse

Question 10

– Metabolizing enzymes

Answer 10

Synaptic Cleft

Question 11

– Majority of receptors

– Metabolizing enzymes

Answer 11

Post-synapse

Question 12

Steps (1/2)

Answer 12

• Impulse reaching the pre-synapse
• Depolarization if the pre-eynaptic cell membrane
• ⬆️Permeability of Ca
• Release of the NT from the vesicles (Exocytosis)

Question 13

Steps (2/2)

Answer 13

• Binding to post-synaptic receptors
• Depolarization of the Post-synaptic cell membrane
• Impulse generation of the post-synapse

Question 14

Nomenclature

Answer 14

• Somatic

* ANS

Question 15

Somatic

Answer 15

• Pre-synapse
- Somatic Nerve
• Post-synapse
- Effector

Question 16

ANS

Answer 16

• Synapse # 1

* Synapse # 2

Question 17

Synapse # 1

Answer 17

• Pre-synapse
- Pre-ganglion
• Post-synapse
- Ganglion

Question 18

Synapse # 2

Answer 18

• Pre-synapse
- Post-ganglion
• Post-synapse
- Effector

Question 19

Subdivisions of ANS

Answer 19

• Enteric NS

* Synpathetic & Parasympathetic

Question 20

– For INTRINSIC autonomic innervation of the GIT (motility, secretion)
– 2 Plexuses
– Neurotransmitters

Answer 20

Enteric NS

Question 21

2 Plexuses

Answer 21

• Auerbach Plexus — Motility

* Meisner Plexus — Secretion

Question 22

Neurotransmitters

Answer 22

• Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide
• ATP
• Neuropeptide Y
• Substance P

Question 23

Sympathetic/ Adrenergic

Answer 23

Anatomical Differences

Question 24

Origin/ Roots

Answer 24

Thoracolumbar NS

T1 - T12; L1 - L5

Question 25

Length of Neurons

Answer 25

• Pre-ganglion - Short • Post-Ganglion - Long

Question 26

Location of Ganglion

Answer 26

Near the SPINAL CORD

Question 27

Neurotransmitters

Answer 27

``` • Pre-ganglion - ACh • Post-ganglion -NE, EPI, Dopamine ** NE - Major ```

Question 28

Receptors

Answer 28

• Ganglion - NN • Effector - Adrenergic Receptors (a, b, Dopamine)

Question 29

Parasympathetic/ Cholinergic

Answer 29

Anatomical Differences

Question 30

Origin/ Roots

Answer 30

Craniosacral NS | CN 3, 7, 9, 10; S1 - S4

Question 31

Length of Neurons

Answer 31

• Pre-ganglion - Long • Post-ganglion - Short

Question 32

Location of Ganglion

Answer 32

Near the EFFECTOR Organ

Question 33

Neurotransmitter

Answer 33

• Pre-ganglion - ACh • Post-ganglion - ACh

Question 34

Receptors

Answer 34

• Ganglion - NN • Effector - Cholinergic Receptors (Muscatinic, Nicotinic)

Question 35

Sympathetic/ Adrenergic

Answer 35

Functional Differences

Question 36

General

Answer 36

Fight/ Flight

Question 37

Specific

Answer 37

* Heart * Eyes (Pupils) * Bronchi * GIT * Urinary Bladder * Sweat Glands

Question 38

Heart

Answer 38

Tachycardia

Question 39

Eyes (Pupils)

Answer 39

Mydriasis

Question 40

Bronchi

Answer 40

Bronchodilation

Question 41

GIT | — Ileus: Loss of Peristalsis

Answer 41

• Wall - Relaxation • Sphincter - Constriction

Question 42

Urinary Bladder | — Urinary Retention

Answer 42

• Wall/ Detrusor - Relaxation • Trigone & Sphincter - Constriction

Question 43

Sweat Glands | — Apocrine: Palms & Soles

Answer 43

Sweating

Question 44

Paradympathetic/ Cholinergic

Answer 44

Functional Differences

Question 45

General

Answer 45

Rest/ Digest

Question 46

Specific

Answer 46

* Heart * Eyes (Pupils) * Bronchi * GIT * Urinary Bladder * Sweat Glands

Question 47

Heart

Answer 47

Bradycardia

Question 48

Eyes (Pupils)

Answer 48

Miosis

Question 49

Bronchi

Answer 49

Bronchoconstriction

Question 50

GIT | — Diarrhea

Answer 50

• Wall - Contraction • Sphincter - Relaxation

Question 51

Urinary Bladder | — Urination/ Micturition/ Enuresis

Answer 51

• Wall/ Detrusor - Contraction • Trigone & Sphincter - Relaxation

Question 52

Sweat Glands | — Eccrine: Generalized; thermoregulation

Answer 52

Sweating