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Dental nurse revision (301-311) > 309 - support during stages of endodontic procedures. > Flashcards

309 - support during stages of endodontic procedures. Flashcards

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1
Q

What needle/syringe is used during irrigation in RCT?

A

Monoject

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2
Q

What may cause difficulty gaining access to the root canals?

A

Sclerosis

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3
Q

What is used to dry the canals after irrigation and before obturation?

A

Paper Points

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4
Q

What is done to maintain the vitality of a tooth?

A

Direct pulp capping

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5
Q

What is the main advantage of a rubber dam during endo procedures?

A

Reduce entry of micro-organism from mouth into root canal

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6
Q

Most sufficient method to protect patient from ingestion/inhalation?

A

Rubber dam

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7
Q

What solution is used to irrigate the canal during pulpectomy procedure?

A

Sodium hypochlorite

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8
Q

Which endo procedure involves a retrograde root filling?

A

Apicectomy

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9
Q

Which instrument is used to condense filling material into canal?

A

Finger spreader

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10
Q

What is the most suitable temp restoration during pulpectomy trt?

A

Zinc oxide and eugenol

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11
Q

What will shape and smooth the canal?

A

Hand files

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12
Q

What procedure is appropriate to save the tooth when the pt has irreversible pulpitis?

A

Pulpectomy

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13
Q

Which hand instrument assissts the dentist whilst obturating canals with gutta percha?

A

Finger spreader

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14
Q

Why would you use Calcium Hydroxide in a pulp capping procedure?

A

It promotes secondary dentine

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15
Q

What instrument is used to extirpate the canals?

A

Barbed broach

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16
Q

what are examples of non-surgical endodontics?

A

pulpectomy
pulpotomy
pulp capping

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17
Q

what is surgical endodontics called?

A

apicectomy

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18
Q

what causes the need for endodontic treatment?

A

any event that causes inflammation of pulpal tissues or breach pulp chambers

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19
Q

what other reasons for endodontic treatment?

A

thermal injury
chemical irritation
tooth fracture
severe impact injury
irritation
accidental pulp exposure

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20
Q

what does a swelling do to a tooth?

A

squeeze pulp contents and cut off blood supply resulting in its death

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21
Q

what is the correct term for inflammation of the pulp?

A

pulpitis

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22
Q

how can pulpitis occur?

A

reversible pulpits
irreversible pulpitis

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23
Q

what is reversible pulpitis?

A

not causing pulp death and treated by restorative filling of tooth only

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24
Q

what is irreversible pulpitis?

A

causing partial/full pulp death and requires one of the non-surgical endo trt to save it

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25
Q

what do vitality tests determine?

A

if the tooth is alive, dying or dead

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26
Q

what do vitality tests depend on?

A

painful response of pulp to temperature extremes or electrical stimulation

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27
Q

how to know pulps vitality?

A

if the pulp responds to stimuli it is vital or dying
if it doesn’t respond it is dead

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28
Q

what kind of radiograph can determine the health of a tooth?

A

periapical

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29
Q

what does a widened periodontal ligament space indicate?

A

some level of inflammatory response

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30
Q

how is a root fracture shown on radiograph?

A

black line across the root

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31
Q

how does a periapical abscess appear on a radiograph?

A

radiolucent area around apex of tooth

32
Q

what symptoms may a patient experience until the tooth dies?

A

occasional sensitivity to cold/hot and sweet stimulation
develops into spontaneous spasms of pain
becomes continuous throbbing pain
eventually not affected by hot/cold/sweets
becomes hypersensitive to vitality tests
no longer TTP when tapped

33
Q

what does TTP stand for?

A

tender to percussion

34
Q

what should be considered when treatment planning non-surgical endodontics?

A

usefulness of tooth in occlusion
tooth restoration possibilities
dental health of patient
patient co-operation
medical history of patient
cost of treatment

35
Q

what is the success rate of endodontics?

A

85%

36
Q

what can a root curvature of more than 15 degrees result in?

A

referral to specialist endodontist for successful completion

37
Q

root treated teeth can become brittle, what is advised after it?

A

crowning the tooth to protect and prevent future fracture

38
Q

what is the risk if root apices are close to underlying nerves?

A

possibility of nerve damage
e.g. over-instrumentation of medicaments

39
Q

what does endodontic procedure usually involve?

A

1/2 long appointments with mouth open
local anesthesia
rubber dam
antibiotics
temporary dressing
postoperatively anti-inflammatories

40
Q

what is a pulpectomy?

A

traditional RCT
removal of all pulpal tissue from pulp chamber and root canal
replaced with sterile root filling

41
Q

what is the name of the complete removal of pulpal contents?

A

extirpation

42
Q

what does a pulpectomy involve?

A

extirpation
shaping of root canal
irrigation with antibacterial disinfectant
removal of irrigant and bacteria/debris
filling of root canal with non-irritant impermable material
restoration of tooth

43
Q

what is obturation?

A

filling of the root canal

44
Q

what does the first stage of a pulpectomy usually involve?

A

remove infective material and prepare the canal

45
Q

what does the second stage of a pulpectomy usually involve?

A

ensure canal is clear of residual contamination before insertion of root filling

46
Q

what instrument is used to extirpate the pulp?

A

barbed broach

47
Q

what instruments are used to ream and file the canal to enlarge and shape it?

A

reamers and files

48
Q

what antibacterial disinfectants are used to clean the canals?

A

sodium hypochlorite or chlorhexidine

49
Q

what is the function of a metal ruler during endodontic treatment?

A

used with file to work out full length of each root canal

50
Q

what is the function of an apex locator?

A

determine working length electronically

51
Q

what is the function of spiral paste filler?

A

used with slow hand piece to spin sealant material into root canal

52
Q

what are gutta percha points used for?

A

fill (obturate) the root canal system with same colour coded files used

53
Q

what are the benefits of a rubber dam?

A

prevents micro-organisms entering root canal
prevents accidents like inhalation/swallowing small instruments
improves access and visibility for dentist

54
Q

what is the working length?

A

the length of the root canal

55
Q

what do paper points do?

A

dry the canals

56
Q

At the 2nd visit, if the root canal isn’t dry what does this mean?

A

the apical infection is still present

57
Q

what happens if the apical infection is still present?

A

canal is debrided and irrigated again
dried with paper points
place another temp dressing

58
Q

what is a pulpotomy?

A

removal of infected part of pulp in pulp chamber

59
Q

what teeth is a pulpotomy usually carried out on?

A

deciduous

60
Q

In a pulpotomy where is the pulp tissue removed from?

A

pulp chamber within crown of tooth only

61
Q

what is the amputated pulp stump covered with?

A

calcium hydroxide

62
Q

what does calcium hydroxide do to an amputated pulp stump?

A

stimulate the radicular pulp in root canal to reduce inflammation and normal growth continues

63
Q

what is an open apex?

A

wide apical foramen of root (end of root isn’t closed)

64
Q

what endodontic technique is used on an open apex?

A

sealing the open apex over time by successive growth of calcium layers to narrow the open apex

65
Q

what teeth can pulp capping be carried out in?

A

deciduous and permanent

66
Q

what is pulp capping?

A

to seal and protect an exposed pulp

67
Q

when is pulp capping carried out?

A

when there is unexpected pulp exposure in healthy tooth
when patient attends emergency with small pulp exposure after trauma

68
Q

what does pulp capping buy time for?

A

tooth to exfoliate naturally
OR
patient to be recalled for pulpotomy/pulpectomy without developing pain or infection

69
Q

what is the cap made of?

A

glass ionomer cervical matrix

70
Q

what is an apicectomy?

A

surgical endodontic procedure to remove infected apex of tooth and surrounding infected tissue

71
Q

what is the purpose of apicectomy?

A

save the tooth where root filling is unsuccessful or impossible

72
Q

why is an apicectomy classed as minor oral surgery?

A

mucoperiosteal flap is raised and jaw bone drilled to gain access to root of apex

73
Q

in an apicectomy, what is infected tissue scraped out with?

A

mitchells trimmer or surgical curette

74
Q

what are the signs of acute infection of the tooth?

A

pus
raised body temp (pyrexia)
debilitation of patient (weak)
severe pain/loss of function of the tooth
swelling (intra/extra oral)

75
Q

what antibiotics are usually prescribed for acute infection of the tooth?

A

amoxicillin 500mg 3x daily (erythromycin if allergic to penecillin)
metronidazole 200mg/400mg 3x daily

76
Q

what is the difference between indirect and direct pulp capping?

A

in direct pulp capping protective dressing is placed directly above exposed pulp
in indirect pulp capping softened dentine is left an dressing is placed on top

Dental nurse revision (301-311) (11 decks)

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