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Dental nurse revision (301-311) > 308 - support during stages of prosthetic treatments. > Flashcards

308 - support during stages of prosthetic treatments. Flashcards

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1
Q

what is prosthodontics?

A

restoration or replacement of damaged or missing teeth using artificially constructed devices

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2
Q

what can missing teeth be replaced by?

A

dentures
implants
bridges

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3
Q

who creates fixed or removable prosthesis?

A

dental technician

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4
Q

what is an opposing arch?

A

the arch that doesn’t contain tooth to be resotred/replaced

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5
Q

what does edentulous mean?

A

no teeth present

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6
Q

what material is irreversible hydrocolloids?

A

alginate

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7
Q

what material is addtion siliciones and vinyl polysiloxanes?

A

elastomer
(heavy bodied putty - light bodied paste)

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8
Q

what material is polyether?

A

elastomer

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9
Q

what is alginate used for?

A

opposing arch
models for full/partial denture
models for removable ortho appliances
study models
models for special trays, bleachign trays, retainers

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10
Q

can alginate be used for the working model for crowns/bridges/veneers/inlays?

A

NO

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11
Q

what temperature should water be to mix alginate?

A

room temperature

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12
Q

what proportion is needed to mix alginate?

A

1:1
powder to water

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13
Q

what does alginate mix need to be free of?

A

air bubbles

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14
Q

what should alginate be wrapped in if it can’t be casted immediately?

A

damp gauze and sealed in airtight bag

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15
Q

what happens to alginate if it is left immersed in water?

A

impression expands

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16
Q

what happens to alginate if it is allowed to dry out?

A

impression shrinks

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17
Q

what is addition silicone elastomer used for?

A

fixed prosthetic work as it is highly accurate

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18
Q

what is the setting time for silicones?

A

4 minutes

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19
Q

what are the advantages of silicone elastomer material?

A

dimensionally stable in presence of moisture
excellent elasticity, strength and accuracy

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20
Q

what are the disadvantages of silicone elastomer material?

A

more complicated/time consuming than alginate
more expensive
longer setting time - uncomfortable for patient

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21
Q

what are polyethers used for?

A

fixed prosthetic work and some removable prosthetic work

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22
Q

what is the correct disinfection technique of impressions?

A

run under cold water to remove visible debris
immersed into disinfectant bath (10 MIN)
rinsed under cold water again

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23
Q

what is the solution for disinfecting impressions?

A

10% sodium hypochlorite

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24
Q

how long should impressions be immersed in the disinfectant bath?

A

up to 10 minutes

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25
Q

what to do with alginate impressions after disinfection?

A

cover with wet gauze and seal in airtight bag

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26
Q

what to do with elastomer impressions after disinfection?

A

blow dry with 3 in 1 syringe and seal in airtight bag

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27
Q

what does a working lab ticket need to include?

A

dentist
patient name
prosthesis to be constructed
material to use
shade
date of delivery for fit
disinfection details

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28
Q

what is an impression tray made by the technician called?

A

special tray

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29
Q

what is a special tray?

A

custom made and individual to patient

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30
Q

what does a triple tray record?

A

partial section of both arches and occlusion

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31
Q

what is a fixed prosthesis?

A

restorations or replacements cemented within or onto a tooth

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32
Q

what is a crown?

A

a cap covering 3/4 to whole surface of a tooth

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33
Q

what is a bridge?

A

two or more crown like units joined together as single device to replace missing tooth

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34
Q

what is a veneer?

A

facing made to fully cover labial surface of tooth

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35
Q

what is an inlay?

A

insert into tooth cavity

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36
Q

what is the purpose of a crown?

A

protect heavily filled or root filled tooth from fracturing
aesthetics
tooth shape change

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37
Q

what material can crowns be?

A

porcelain ceramic
all ceramic
precious metal alloy
non-precious metal alloy

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38
Q

what is the purpose of a bridge?

A

replace missing teeth
aesthetics

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39
Q

what material can bridges be?

A

all ceramic
bonded porcelain to metal
precious metal alloy
non-precious metal alloy

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40
Q

what is the purpose of a veneer?

A

aesthetics

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41
Q

what material can a veneer be?

A

porcelain

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42
Q

what is the purpose of an inlay?

A

restore cavity with material stronger than conventional filling material

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43
Q

what material can an inlay be?

A

all ceramic
precious metal alloy
non-precious metal alloy

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44
Q

what burs are used during a crown prep?

A

diamond tapered burs

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45
Q

what do diamond tapered burs do?

A

produce near-parallel sides for retention without undercuts

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46
Q

what is the use of a gingival retraction cord?

A

for accurate recordings of crown prep margins

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47
Q

what is a crown cemented with?

A

luting cement

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48
Q

what are the type of luting cements for crowns?

A

self-cure resin
light-cure resin
dual-cure resin
polyester resin
glass ionomer
zinc polycarboxylate
zinc phosphate

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49
Q

what is a porcelain jacket crown?

A

all-procelain crown for anterior teeth only

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50
Q

what is an all-ceramic crown?

A

stronger ceramic material
require less tooth removal
e.g. emax

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51
Q

what is a porcelain bonded crown?

A

substructure of metal for strength
buccal/labial face of porcelain for aesthetics

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52
Q

what is a full gold crown?

A

strongest crown
ideal for posterior teeth
not aesthetic

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53
Q

what is a post crown?

A

metallic post and core structure shaped to hold conventional crown

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54
Q

what type of post is screwed into the canal?

A

dentatus system

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55
Q

what type of post is cemented into the canal?

A

parapost system
compositpost system

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56
Q

why are temporary crowns used?

A

maintain appearance
prevent sensitivity of prepared teeth
maintain correct space between adjacent teeth
maintain correct occlusion

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57
Q

what is the hall technique?

A

cementation of preformed metal crown onto carious deciduous molar tooth

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58
Q

what is a pontic?

A

unit replacing missing tooth

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59
Q

what is a bridge retainer?

A

unit holding bridge in place

60
Q

what is an abutment?

A

tooth bridge is cemented on to

61
Q

advantage of bridges over dentures?

A

no embarrassment of loose prosthesis falling out
more hygienic than dentures
only 2 appointments required to make bridge
solve problem of gag reflex

62
Q

what is a fixed-fixed bridge?

A

retaining teeth involved to either side of missing teeth

63
Q

fixed-moveable bridge?

A

joint is incorporated in design to allow some degree of flexibility to the bridge

64
Q

what is a cantilever bridge?

A

retaining tooth or teeth to one side of pontic only

65
Q

what is a simple cantilever design?

A

retaining teeth immediately to one side of the pontic only

66
Q

what is a spring cantilever design?

A

retaining teeth are to one side but several teeth away from pontic

67
Q

what is an adhesive bridge?

A

retaining teeth undergo minimal tooth preparation and retention provided by lingual/palatal metal wings only

68
Q

do you need a radiograph for a bridge?

A

yes - to check the health of tooth

69
Q

what are the oral hygiene instructions for crowns and bridges?

A

regular toothbrushing daily
fluoride toothpaste
flossing/interdental brushing to clean interproximally

70
Q

what material can veneers be?

A

composite or porcelain

71
Q

what are veneers used for?

A

mask discoloured tooth
mask darkened root filled tooth
close diastemas
change shape of rotated teeth

72
Q

what material can dentures be made of?

A

acrylic
chrome-cobalt metal
valplast

73
Q

why may teeth be replaced by a removable prosthesis?

A

prevent excessive masticatory forces
prevent overeruption of opposing teeth
provide good aesthetics

74
Q

what does acrylic material consist of?

A

powder called polymer
liquid called monomer
becomes dough consistency

75
Q

how is acrylic cured?

A

heating dough slowly in special flask/oven

76
Q

what is an alveoplasty?

A

chnaging shape of existing ridge by removal of gross under cuts

77
Q

what is an alveolectomy?

A

surgical removal and smoothing of sharp ridges

78
Q

what is a valplast denture?

A

denture that is flexible when placed in warm water then into the mouth

79
Q

what are the denture stages?

A

1st - primary impressions with stock trays
2nd- special trays to take another impression (can do bite as well)
3rd - bite stage - wax rims, use willis bite gauge, bite reg paste
4th - try in - any changes?
5th - fit

80
Q

what does a willis bite gauge measure?

A

occlusal face height of patient with edentulous arch

81
Q

what materials are needed during the denture bite stage?

A

wax bite rims
wax knife
bite registration paste
pink sheet wax
willis bite gauge
heat source
work ticket

82
Q

what instructions are given once denture is fitted?

A

how to insert/remove denture
don’t wear overnight - avoid oral fungal infections
store overnight in pot of water
clean after each meal
continue attending oral health assessments

83
Q

how often do edentulous patients need to attend for oral health assessments?

A

ideally annually
if not
at least once very 2 years

84
Q

what is denture stomatitis?

A

soft tissues covered by dentures become inflamed

85
Q

what antifungal drugs treat denture stomatitis?

A

nystatin
fluconazole

86
Q

what benefits have chrome-cobalt dentures got over acrylic?

A

thinner palatal covering
stronger
more hygienic

87
Q

what should chrome-cobalt dentures be cleaned with?

A

non-hypochlorite as bleach can cause metal corrosion

88
Q

what are immediate dentures?

A

immediate replacement denture when anterior teeth are extracted

89
Q

what must the patient be made aware of after having an immediate denture made and fitted?

A

alveolar bone resorption will occur
prosthesis can become loose because of this

90
Q

what procedures can be done to a denture to improve its fit?

A

relines or rebases
additions of teeth/clasps
replacement of worn teeth

91
Q

what is a reline/rebase?

A

a new layer of acrylic after alveolar bone loss to fit better

92
Q

what is a denture addition?

A

addition of a tooth or clasp to a denture

93
Q

what are the tissue conditioners materials?

A

soft lining - when soft tissues under denture are sore
functional impression - material sets over hours and records soft tissues and denture extremities more accurately

94
Q

what are obturators?

A

special removable prostheses provided to patient from a hospital dental department
seal off abnormal cavity in maxilla
e.g. cleft palate

95
Q

what are overdentures?

A

full denture fitted over standing teeth or retained roots

96
Q

what do orthodontic appliances do?

A

align crooked teeth

97
Q

what types of orthodontic appliances are ther?

A

fixed appliance
removable appliance

98
Q

what appliances move teeth forwards/backwards?

A

removable and fixed

99
Q

what appliances move jaws in relation to each other?

A

functional and fixed

100
Q

what appliances align slightly misplaced teeth?

A

removable and fixed

101
Q

what appliances align severely misplaced teeth?

A

fixed only

102
Q

what appliance for derotation of teeth?

A

fixed

103
Q

what appliance for guided eruption of unerupted teeth?

A

fixed

104
Q

what appliances for guided eruption of deep overbote?

A

removable and fixed

105
Q

what is an archwire?

A

flexible wires to fasten into brackets or bands

106
Q

what are end cutters?

A

right-angled cutters to trim ends of the archwire after replacement

107
Q

what are alastiks?

A

rubber bands to hold archwire into slots of each bracket

108
Q

what are alastik holders?

A

ratcheted holders to apply alastiks to the brackets

109
Q

what are brackets?

A

metal/ceramic components attached to each tooth

110
Q

what are bands?

A

metal rings to attach to molars

111
Q

what is a buccal tube?

A

used instead of molar band where orthodontic forces are unlikely to dislodge tube

112
Q

what are bracket holders?

A

hold and postion each bracket to centre of tooth

113
Q

what are the bonding materials for orthodontic appliances?

A

acid etch
resin bond

114
Q

what advice is given after having fixed appliances placed?

A

careful brushing
fluoridated toothpaste
interdental brushing
disclosing tablets

115
Q

what are adams cribs?

A

retain appliance in mouth
fit onto molar or premolar

116
Q

what are springs?

A

move teeth along arch as required

117
Q

what are retractors?

A

push one/several teeth backwards

118
Q

what are expansion screws?

A

move several teeth outwards

119
Q

what advice is given to patients with removable appliances?

A

clean after each meal
wear at all times
avoid cariogenic and acidic foods/drinks

120
Q

what are adam’s crib pliers?

A

adjust metal springs and retractors

121
Q

what is an expansion screw key?

A

count number of turns to screw between visits

122
Q

what is a functional appliance?

A

appliance made of acrylic and stainless steel worn in both arches at the same time
e.g. twinblock

123
Q

what do functional appliances do?

A

correct skeletal class II discrepancies where mandible is further back from ideal position

124
Q

what are aligners?

A

retainer-like appliance which achieves tooth movement

125
Q

what is IPR and why is it needed?

A

interproximal reduction
removal small width of enamel of teeth to help make space and align

126
Q

what is an implant?

A

titanium double screw cylinder inserted into hole drilled into alveolar bone of either jaw

127
Q

what is osseointegration?

A

when the alveolar bone grows around and into hollow screw structure

128
Q

what kind of tooth replacements can implants have?

A

single crown tooth
multiple crowns to form bridge
metal bar to act as locking device beneath denture
metal ball to act ad locking device beneath denture

129
Q

what does successful use of implants depend on?

A

bone
oral health
lifestyle factors

130
Q

what is peri-implantitis?

A

inflammation in gingival soft tissues surrounding implant due to build up of plaque biofilm

131
Q

what is occlusion?

A

situation when mouth is closed and teeth of jaws interlock together so occlusal surfaces are in contact

132
Q

what is an overbite?

A

upper incisors overlap lowers vertically

133
Q

what is an overjet?

A

upper incisors overlap horizontally

134
Q

what is class I occlusion?

A

mesiobuccal cusp of upper first molars lies in buccal groove of lower first molar

135
Q

what is the ideal overjet in a class I occlusion?

A

2-4mm horizontal overlap

136
Q

what is the ideal overbite in a class I occlusion?

A

50% vertical overlap

137
Q

what is malocclusion?

A

when normal occlusion isn’t present

138
Q

what are the types of malocclusion?

A

crowding
protruding upper incisors
prominent lower jaw

139
Q

what is crowding and what causes it?

A

insufficient room for all teeth to erupt in line and occurs in jaws too small to accommodate 32 permanent teeth

140
Q

can early extraction of deciduous molar contribute to crowding?

A

yes

141
Q

what is a class II div I malocclusion?

A

upper incisors bite in front of lowers causing overjet

142
Q

what is a class II div II malocclusion?

A

incisors bite in front and deeper over lowers causing overbite

143
Q

what is a class III malocclusion?

A

lower incisors meet either edge to edge or in front of upper incisors
this is a negative overjet

144
Q

what does supernumery mean?

A

extra teeth

145
Q

what is microdontia?

A

abnormally small teeth erupting in normal sized jaw

146
Q

what is hypodontia?

A

congenitally absent teeth

147
Q

what are the common soft tissue habits?

A

thumb sucking - prevent teeth erupting normally

Dental nurse revision (301-311) (11 decks)

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