303B: Torque Converter Fundamentals & Service Flashcards by Dalin Duce

Identify the two major functions of a torque converter

Torque multiplication
Fluid Coupling / Clutch

303B Pg. 3 & 6

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Identify two torque converter features that help protect the driveline and/or transmission

Shock absorption during engagement reduces powertrain stresses
Gradual start-up of load reduces stresses on the driveline and/or transmission

303B Pg. 3

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Identify the two types of oil flow within a torque converter and the conditions under which each occurs

Vortex flow occurs when difference in the impeller and turbine speed is greatest
Rotary flow occurs when impeller and turbine are close to the same speed

303B Pg. 5

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Vortex flow in a torque converter is the greatest when:

Beggining of converter phase
Torque output is the greatest
Difference in the impeller and turbine speed is the greatest

303B Pg. 5

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Rotary flow in a hydrodynamic drive is greatest when:

Coupling phase
Impeller and turbine spinning close to same speed
Torque output is the lowest

303B Pg. 5

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Identify the three main torque converter elements

Impeller (Drive member)
Stator (Reactionary member)
Turbine (Driven member)

303B Pg. 8

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The purpose of the torque converter stator is to:

Change the direction of oil flow to assist in torque miltiplication

303B Pg. 9

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The torque converter component that is connected to the transmission input shaft is the:

Turbine

303B Pg. 8

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Is a lockup clutch engaged at low engine RPM to prevent torque converter slippage during periods when high torque output is required? T/F

False
Is activated when at high speeds and low torque demands. Helps acheive a 1:1 drive ratio for fuel efficiency.

303B Pg. 11

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The purpose of a torque converter lockup clutch is to:

Increase efficiency through a 1:1 drive ratio

303B Pg. 11

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The clutch discs of a torque converter lockup clutch are connected to:

The impeller and turbine

303B Pg. 11

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The term phase refers to what in a torque converter?

Converter - Vortex flow, high torque, low speeds
Coupling - Rotary flow, low torque, high speeds
Lockup - Locked clutch, 1:1 drive ratio

303B Pg. 12

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Maximum torque converter output torque occurs when:

The turbine is stopped and the impeller is turning at maximum rpm

303B Pg. 12

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The stator in a torque converter is also called a:

Reactionary Member

303B Pg. 9

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Torque converter temperature sending units are usually located on:

The converter oil output port

303B Pg. 18

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In a torque converter, the highest torque output is produced in the variable vane stator when the vanes are in what position?

Open position

303B Pg. 16

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In a torque converter, when the torque demand is low, what position are the vanes in on a variable vane stator?

Closed position

303B Pg. 16

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What four functions does the transmission reservoir serve?

Stores oil
Cools oil
Settles out contamination
De-aerates

303B Pg. 16

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Is a torque converter oil cooler mounted on the converter outlet or inlet?

To the converter outlet

303B Pg. 17

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What does the torque converter pressure regulating valve do?

Maintains working pressure within the torque converter
Prevents cavitation and aeration
Located on the converter oil outlet

303B Pg. 17

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What is the maximum temperature that torque converter oil should be allowed to reach?

121C (250F)

303B Pg. 18 & 31

On units with PTO gears mounted in the torque converter housing, is the housing considered a wet or dry housing?

Wet housing

303B Pg. 20

Which type of housing (Dry or Wet) is usually used on industrial applications when PTO gears are mounted in the converter housing?

Wet housing

303B Pg. 20

What are five things you can check the torque converter for when it’s removed for repairs?

Missing balance weights
Cracks
Broken welds
Broken drive lugs
Score marks

303B Pg. 36

When pressurizing a torque converter to check for leaks, what pressure should it be tested at?

Approximately 70psi (483kPa) ## Footnote 303B Pg. 36

When cleaning components of a torque converter, what major precaution should be taken for aluminum parts?

Ensure that aluminum components will not be damaged by cleaning solutions or hot tank. ## Footnote 303B Pg. 37

When is a gravity drain used with a torque converter?

When the torque converter housing is located above the transmission. ## Footnote 303B Pg. 21

What are the three functions of a torque divider?

- Automatic clutching - Multiplies torque - Absorbs power train shock loads ## Footnote 303B Pg. 22

Which planetary gear set component is the impeller splined to in a torque divider?

Sun gear ## Footnote 303B Pg. 23

Which component is the internal gear splined to in a torque divider?

Turbine ## Footnote 303B Pg. 23

Which component is the output shaft driven by in a torque divider?

Planet Carrier ## Footnote 303B Pg. 23

In a torque divider, what delivers the oil that is used for torque converter operation and component lubrication?

Charge Pump Driven by the impeller or engine flywheel ## Footnote 303B Pg. 17

Torque converters may be installed in the power train in what two locations?

- Engine mounted / Integral design - Remote mounted ## Footnote 303B Pg. 28

What is a critical concern in a remote mounted torque converter application?

Proper driveline alignment. ## Footnote 303B Pg. 29

What is the difference between a regulating valve and a relief valve?

Regulating Valve - Sets working pressure Relief Valve - Sets maximum system pressure - Always set higher ## Footnote 303B Pg. 17

What are two methods of scavenging in a torque converter/transmission?

Gravity Drain - Used when the converter housing is located above the transmission Scavenging Pump - Used when the converter and transmission are on the same plane ## Footnote 303B Pg. 21

What is the term that refers to removing excess oil from the torque converter housing in effort to reduce power loss and heat generation?

Scavenging ## Footnote 303B Pg. 21

What is the basic construction of a torque divider?

Single stage torque converter Single planetary gear set Carrier Converter housing ## Footnote 303B Pg. 23

With an idling engine and stalled output shaft, what direction does the internal gear and turbine rotate in a torque divider?

Reverse ## Footnote 303B Pg. 25

With an engine at wide open throttle and a stalled output shaft, what direction does the internal gear and turbine rotate in a torque divider?

Reverse ## Footnote 303B Pg. 26

What gear should torque converter stall tests be conducted in?

Highest gear available ## Footnote 303B Pg. 31

What stall test conditions may indicate potential torqe converter problems?

High stall speed - Not multiplyng torque or slipping clutches Low stall speed - Engine not developing required torque, slipping stator overrunning clutch Overheating - Cooler, charge pump, oil level high/low ## Footnote 303B Pg. 31

When conducting a torque converter stall test, you determine you have a low stall speed. What could cause this?

- Engine not developing the required torque - Slipping stator overrunning clutch ## Footnote 303B Pg. 32

When conducting a torque converter stall test, you determine you have a high stall speed. What could cause this?

- Torque converter not producing required torque - Clutches could be slipping ## Footnote 303B Pg. 32

When conducting a torque converter stall test, you determine you have an overheating issue. What could cause this?

- Transmission in too high of a gear - Plugged oil cooler - Faulty charge pump - Oil level too high/low ## Footnote 303B Pg. 32

Energy transfer in a fluid coupler is dependent on what three factors?

Volume - Physical size of impeller vanes, number of vanes Velocity - Physical size of converter, speed of impeller, size of vanes Viscosity - Of oil used in the converter ## Footnote 303B Pg. 2

What does the term stages refer to in relation to a torque converter?

The number of times the oil strikes the turbine before it returns to the impeller. Normally classed as the number of turbines. ## Footnote 303B Pg. 13

In a torque converter, what is designed into the impeller and turbine that smothes and directs vortex flow?

Split guide ring ## Footnote 303B Pg. 6

What are the two basic types of stators in a torque converter?

**Fixed** - Does not rotate. Can never achieve rotary flow. **Freewheeling** - Has an overrunning clutch for both vortex and rotary flow ability. ## Footnote 303B Pg. 10

Under what conditions does a freewheeling stator in a torque converter lock up?

- When turbine speed is less than impeller speed - Converter phase ## Footnote 303B Pg. 11

Under what conditions does a freewheeling stator in a torque converter rotate freely?

- When turbine and impeller are rotating at appromimately the same speed. - Coupling stage - When transmission is in neutral ## Footnote 303B Pg. 11

What type of transmission reduces side fumbling through the use of six hydrocoptic marzlevanes fitted to the ambifacient lunar waneshaft?

The Turbo Encabulator [Youtube Link To The Product Demonstration Video](https://youtu.be/Ac7G7xOG2Ag?si=CJYDLwh0cs0RNAeS)