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SF1 - Test 3 > 3 - Zill - Leg and Dorsum of Foot > Flashcards

3 - Zill - Leg and Dorsum of Foot Flashcards

106B - 169B

1
Q

Retinaculum

A

Hold tendons in place, prevent bowstringing

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2
Q

Sprained Ankle

A

Excessive Inversion

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3
Q

How is body weight transfered through the thigh and leg?

A

Hip

Femur

Tibia (no fibula)

Talus

Calcaneus/First Metatarsal (sesamoid bones x2)

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4
Q

Posterior Compartment of Leg

Action:

Nerve:

Artery:

A

A: Plantar Flex Foot, Flex Toes, Invert Foot

Inn: Tibial Nerve

Artery: Posterior Tibial Artery

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5
Q

Lateral Compartment of Leg

Action:

Nerve:

Artery:

A

A: Evert Foot

Inn: Superficial Peroneal Nerve

Artery: Posterior Tibial Artery (lateral branch)

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6
Q

Anterior Compartment of Leg

Action:

Nerve:

Artery:

A

A: Dorsiflex Foot, Extend Toes, Invert Foot

Inn: Deep Peroneal Nerve

Artery: Anterior Tibial Artery

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7
Q

Gastrocnemius

A

Keeps you upright!

O - Femur

I - Achilles Tendon

A - Plantar Flex Foot

Tendo Calcaneus (Achilles) is largest tendon in body

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8
Q

Fabella

A

Sesamoid bone sometimes found in the lateral head of the Gastrocnemius

Can be mistaken for a fractur

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9
Q

Soleus

A

Sits beneath gastrocnemius

O - Tibia (soleal line)

I - Tendo Calcaneus (Achilles)

Act: Plantar flex foot

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10
Q

Achilles Tendon Tap

A

Test

S1, S2

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11
Q

Plantaris

A

Can be absent, very small belly, long thin tendon used for grafts

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12
Q

Posterior Deep Group muscle actions?

A

Plantar Flex Foot

Invert Foot

Flex Toes

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13
Q

What divides the posterior deep and superficial compartments?

A

Tibial Nerve, Posterior Tibial Artery

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14
Q

Flexor Hallucis Longus

A

HARRY

O: Fibula

I: Distal phalanx of big toe

Lateral in posterior compartment, tendon passes deep on medial ankle

Runs between two sesamoid bones on sole of foot

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15
Q

Sustentaculum Tali

A

Part of calcaneus, acts as pulley for flexor hallucis longus

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16
Q

Tibialis Posterior

A

TOM

O: Tibia, Fibula, Interosseus Membrane

I - Navicular bone, cuneiform, cuboid, metatarsals 2-4 (branches on bottom of foot)

A: Inverter of foot

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17
Q

Flexor Digitorum Longus

A

DICK

O: Tibia

I: Distal phalanges lateral four toes

Origin is medial to lateral at insertion

A: Plantar Flex lateral four toes, Plant flex foot

18
Q

Tom, Dick, ANd Harry

(anterior to posterior)

A

T = Tibialis Posterior

D = Flexor Digitorum Longus

A = Posterior Tibial Artery

N = Tibial Nerve

H = Flexor Hallucis Longus

19
Q

Flexor Retinaculum and Tarsal Tunnel Syndrome

A

Tendons of deep muscles pass beneath flexor reticulum on medial side of joint and are covered by synovial sheaths under retinaculum

Tarsal Tunnel Syndrome is swelling on synovial sheaths, can compress Tibial Nerve–numbness of sole of foot, toes, and weakened flexion of toes

20
Q

Peroneus Longus

A

O: Fibula

I: Base of metatarsal 1 (BIG toe)

A: Plantar Flexion, Eversion of foot

Also supports arch

Inn: Superficial Peroneal Nerve

21
Q

Peroneal Brevis

A

O: Fibula

I: Lateral side of Little Toe

A: Plantar Flexion, Eversion of Foot

Inn: Superficial Peroneal Nerve

22
Q

Common Action of Peroneus Longus and Peroneus Brevis?

A

Evert foot

23
Q

Action of Anterior Compartment?

A

Dorsiflex Ankle

24
Q

Anterior Leg Syndrome

A

Muscles of the anterior compartment can swell, and compress Deep Peroneal Nerve

May present as Foot Drop

25
Q

Tibialis Anterior

A

Major inverter of foot

O: Tibia

I: First metatarsal, medial cuneiform

A: Dorsiflex ankle, invert foot

Crosses from lateral to medial

Opposite of peroneus longus

26
Q

Extensor Hallucis Longus

A

O: Fibula and Interosseus Membrane

I: Distal Phalanx Big Toe

A: Dorsiflex Ankle, Extend Big Toe

27
Q

Extensor Digitorum Longus

A

O: Tibia and Interosseus Membrane

I: Distal Phalanges (other toes)

A: Dorsiflex Ankle, Extend toes

28
Q

Extensor Expansions

A

Connective tissue that spreads of dorsal surface of toes, prevents bowstringing

Acts like a retinacum

29
Q

Peroneus Tertius

A

part of Extensor Digitorum Longus that ends on 5th metatarsal

30
Q

Extensor Digitorum Brevis

A

O - Calcaneus

I - Phalanges toes 2-4

Inn - Deep peroneal nerve

Action - Extend toes

31
Q

Main Inverters of Foot?

A

Tibialis Anterior

Tibialis Posterior

32
Q

Main Everters of Foot?

A

Peroneus Longus

Peroneus Brevis (Peroneus Tertius)

33
Q

Damage to Common Peroneal Nerve?

A

Can result from blow to top of fibula

Major symptom is foot drop

34
Q

What does the common peroneal nerve divide into?

A
  1. Superficial Peroneal Nerve (Lateral Compartment)
  2. Deep Peroneal Nerve (Anterior Compartment)
35
Q

Damage to what two nerves can result in foot drop?

A
  1. Common Peroneal Nerve (damage to top of fibula)
  2. Deep Peroneal Nerve (sweeling of anterior compartment)
36
Q

Sensory Innervation to Dorsum of Foot

A

Superficial - entire top of foot, except 1/2 big, 1/2 2nd toe

Deep Peroneal - 1/2 big, 1/2 2nd toe

37
Q

Where does the Popliteal Artery end?

What does it branch to?

What does it further branch to?

A

Ends when the Ant. Tibial Artery dives to anterior

Branches to:

  1. Posterior Tibial Artery (ANd)
  2. Peroneal Artery (fibular)
    - - -

Posterior Tibial Artery branches to:

  1. Medial Plantary Artery
  2. Lateral Plantar Artery
38
Q

Intermittent Claudication

A

Narrowing of posterior tibial artery due to arteriosclerosis

Painful cramps when walking, but subsides after rest

39
Q

Clinical Presentation: Painful crampus when walking, but go away with rest

A

Intermittent Claudication

Narrowing of posterior tibial artery due to arteriorsclerosis

40
Q

Pulse location on the leg?

A

Pulse of Posterior Tibial Artery: Between medial malleolus and tendo calcaneus

Pulse of Dorsalis Pedis Artery: Dorsum of foot, between medial and lateral malleoli

41
Q

Genu Valgus vs Genu Varus

A

VaLgus = knock kneed

Infants 3-5

Varus = bow legged

Infants 0-3

VaLgus = Left Leg makes an “L”

42
Q

Blood Supply to Talus

A

Anterior Tibial Artery

Posterior Tibial Artery

Blood supply enters DISTALLY

Fracture of talus can interrupt blood supply and produce necrosis of talus

SF1 - Test 3 (13 decks)

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