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SF1 - Test 3 > 3 - Zill - Gluteal Region, Posterior Thigh, Popliteal Fossa > Flashcards

3 - Zill - Gluteal Region, Posterior Thigh, Popliteal Fossa Flashcards

5B - 60B

1
Q

What is the action of gluteal region muscles?

A

Extend the hip and flex the knee!

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2
Q

Gluteus Maximus

A

Origin: Ilium, sacrum, coccyx, sacrotuberous ligament

Insertion: Upper fibers at Iliotibial Track of the Fascia Lata

Innervation: Inferior Gluteal Nerve

Action: Extend, lateral rotate hip joint

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3
Q

Differences in three gluteal muscles?

A

Gluteus Maximus:

Intert: Femur/IT Tract

Act: Extend, Laterally Rotate

Inn: Inferior Gluteal Nerve

Gluteus Medius/Minimus:

Insert: Greater Trochanter (Femur)

Act: Abduct/Medially Rotate

Inn: Superior Gluteal Nerve

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4
Q

What can damage to the superior gluteal nerve produce?

What is the clinical presentation?

What is this test/sign called?

A

Gluteal Gait (Foot Drop)

Also caused by poliomyelitis, cong. hip dislocation

Paralyzed Glut. Medius/Minimus

Pelvis tilts down on NON-PARALYZED SIDE

Positive Trendelenburg Sign

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5
Q

How does one locate the piriformis?

A

Directly above the Sciatic nerve, or it looks the Sciatic nerve is passing directly underneath

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6
Q

What vessels separate the Gluteus Medius and Minimus?

A

Superior Gluteal Artery and Nerve

LANDMARK FOR PRACTICAL!

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7
Q

Tensor Fascia Lata

A

Origin: Anterior Superior Iliac Spine (ASIS)

Insertion: iliotibial Tract

Action: ABduct Hip, maintains leg extension

Innervation: Superior Gluteal Nerve (same as glut med/min)

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8
Q

Bursa(e)

Major in hip joint?

A

Bags of fluid surrounded by connect tissue

Function as shoch absorbers, reduce friction

Ischial Tuberosity

Greater Trochanter

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9
Q

Trochanteral Bursa

Ischial Bursa

A

Separates Gluteus Maximus from Greater Trochanter (Femur) and Vastus Lateralis

Separates Gluteus Maximus from Ischial Tuberosity

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10
Q

Ischial Bursitis (Weaver’s Bottom)

A

Inflammation of bursa at Ischial Tuberosity

Clinically important for wheelchair patients

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11
Q

What are the three muscles directly below piriformis?

What landmark is useful in identifying them?

A

Superior Gemellus

Obturator internus

Inferior Gemellus

Quadratus Femoris

Obturator Internus will appear as a WHITE TENDON flanked above/below by Gemelluses

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12
Q

Piriformis

A

Origin: Sacrum

Insert: Greater Trochanter

Act: Laterally Rotate Femur, “Rotator Cuff”

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13
Q

Superior Gemellus

Obturator Internus

Inferior Gemellus

Quadratus Femoris

A

Superior Gemellus:

O: Ischial Spine

I: Greater Trochanter

A: Laterally Rotate Femur

Inferior Gemellus:

O: Ischial Tuberosity

I: Greater Trochanter

A: Laterally Rotate Femur

Obturator Internus (LANDMARK):

O: Obturator Membrane

I: Greater Trochanter

A: Laterally Rotate Femur

Quadratus Femoris:

O: Ischial Tuberosity

I: Greater Trochanter

A: Laterally Rotate Femur

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14
Q

Superior Gluteal Artery

Inferior Gluteal Artery

A

Superior Gluteal Artery:

Above piriformis, between Glut Medius/Minimus

Inferior Gluteal Artery:

Below piriformis, branches join Cruciate Anastomosis at hip joint

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15
Q

What is a possible outcome of damage to the superior gluteal nerve?

A

Trendelenburg Sign

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16
Q

Sciatic Nerve

A

From L4,5 / S 1, 2, 3

Composed of Tibial and Peroneal parts–splits to Tibial Nerve (medial) and Common Peroneal Nerve (lateral)

17
Q

Where should you place intramuscular injections in the gluteal region? Why?

A

Upper Lateral Quadrant

Avoid hitting Sciatic Nerve

18
Q

Piriformis Syndrome

A

Sciatic Nerve runs through Piriformis, and can be compressed

19
Q

What innervates the hamstring portion of the Adductor Magnus?

A

Tibial part of Sciatic Nerve

20
Q

What is the attachment for the hamstring muscles?

Action?

A

Ischial Tuberosity (except bicep short head)

Action: Extend Thigh, Flex Leg

21
Q

Semitendinosus

Semimembranosus

A

Semitendinosus - Sits above semimembranosus

Semimembranosus - Sits below semitendinosus

O: Ischial Tuberosity

I: Tibia (SemiTen. = part of Pes Anserinus)

A: Extend Thigh / Flex Leg

22
Q

Biceps Femoris

A

O: Long - Ischial Tuberosity, Short - Femur

I: Fibula

A: Long - Extend Thigh / Flex Leg, Short - Flex Leg

23
Q

How are hamstring muscles innervated?

A

All = Tibial part of Sciatic Nerve

*Short Head of Bicep = Peroneal part of Sciatic Nerve

24
Q

Pulled Hamstring

A

Tear or avulse from ischial tuberosity

Extreme cases can cause fracture of ischial tuberosity

25
Q

Popliteal Fossa

A

Diamond shaped region in back of knee.

Boundaries created by:

Superior-Medial: Semimembranosus/tendinosis

Superior-Lateral: Biceps femoris

Inferior Medial/Lateral: Gastrocnemius

26
Q

What do the Tibial and Common Peroneal Nerve branch to?

A

Tibial - Sural Nerve, accompanies Small Saphenous vein, Sensory to posterior side of calf and lateral foot

Common Peroneal - Lateral Sural Cutaneous Nerve, Sensory to skin of lateral calf

27
Q

What is the most commonly damaged nerve?

What can this damage lead to?

A

Common Peroneal Nerve, which winds neck of fibula

Damage can result in Foot Drop

28
Q

Popliteus Muscle

A

Rotates femur laterally

O: Lateral condyle of femur

I: Tibia

Inn: Tibial nerve

Unlocks knee due to lateral rotation

29
Q

Lateral Femoral Circumflex - Descending Branch

A

Key part of blood supply of Genicular anstomosis at knee joint

30
Q

Genicular Anastomosis

A

Four main sections:

Superior Medial Genicular Artery

Sup. Lat. “ “

Inf. Med. “ “

Inf. Lat “ “

***Lateral goes to Lateral , Descending Branch of Lateral Femoral Circumflex goes to Superior Lateral Genicular Artery***

31
Q

Middle Genicular Artery

A

(when present) Arises from popliteal artery, courses anteriorly and anstomoses with superior lateral or inferior lateral genicular arteries

32
Q

Aneurysm of Popliteal Artery

A

Painful dilation of popliteal blood vessel

Artery can be ligated above knee deep to Sartorius in Subsartorial canal (Hunter’s Canal)

33
Q

Popliteal Lymph Nodes

Where do these receive lymph from?

A

Follow venous drainage

  1. Deep Leg
  2. Superficial Leg and Lateral Foot from vessels with Small saphenous vein
34
Q
A

SF1 - Test 3 (13 decks)

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