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SF1 - Test 3 > 1 - Serrat - Circulation Overview > Flashcards

1 - Serrat - Circulation Overview Flashcards

1
Q

Pathway of Blood in Circulation (Start at Right Atrium)

A

RA -> RV -> Pulmonary Arteries -> Lungs -> Lung Capillar Beds -> Pulmonary Veins -> Left Atrium -> Left Ventricle -> Systemic Arteries -> Systemic Capillary Beds -> Systemic Veins

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2
Q

Heart Valves (order of flow, start at RA)

A

RA -> Tricuspid Valve

RV -> Pulmonary Valve

LA -> Mitral Valve

LV -> Aortic Valve

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3
Q

Arteries

Exception?

A

Carry oxygen-rich blood under high pressure from heart to body

Exception: Pulmonary Arteries carry low-oxygen blood to lungs

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4
Q

Veins

Exception?

A

Return low-oxygen blood to heart under low pressure

Exception: Pulmonary veins carry oxygen-rich blood back to the heart

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5
Q

What connects the arteries and veins?

A

Capillaries

Nutrient, O2, and waste exchange

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6
Q

Arterial and Vein layers

A

Tunica Adventitia: Outer connective tissue layer

Tunica Media: Middle smooth muscle layer, most variable layer in thickness and elastic fibers, controls arterial vasomotor tone

Tunica Intima: Inner lining of endothelial cells (single layer), allows diffusion from lumen into vessel wall

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7
Q

What controls arterial vasomotor tone?

What does this help biologically regulate?

A

The smooth muscle layer and elastic fibers of the tunica media

Minimizes change in blood pressure as heart contracts and relaxes

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8
Q

Pulmonary Circulation

A

Pumps low oxygen blood from RV to lungs through pulmonary arteries

Returns oxygen-rich blood to LA via pulmonary veins

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9
Q

Systemic Circulation

A

Pumps oxygen-rich blood from LV to body through aorta

Returns blood to RA through superior and inferior vena cavae and cardiac veins

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10
Q

Large (Conducting) Elastic Arteries

Examples?

A

Layers of elastic fibers in tunica media allow expansion and recoil during cardiac cycle

Elasticity helps maintain constant flow of blood and minimized changes in blood pressure

Ex: Aorta, L-subclavian, L-common carotid, braciocephalic trunk, pulmonary trunk

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11
Q

Medium (Distributing) Muscular Arteries

Examples?

A

Composed primarily of smooth muscle in tunica media

Muscle wall allows vessel to vasoconstrict and reglate blood flow to different parts of body

Examples: Most named arteries in limbs, femoral and brachial arteries

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12
Q

Small Arteries and Arterioles

What can result if degree of muscle tonus is above normal?

A

Narrow lumina and thick muscular walls

Arteriole smooth muscles control the filling of capillar beds and regulate the arterial pressure in the vascular system

- -

Hypertension

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13
Q

Atherosclerosis

A

Common form of arteriosclerosis (thickened walls/loss of elasticity) associated with fat and cholesterol buildup – may lead to thrombus

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14
Q

Thrombus

A

Clot formed in a blood vessel or in a chamber of the heart that remains in place of origin

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15
Q

Embolus and Embolism

A

Embolus: Blood clot that detaches from its place of origin and travels in blood strem

Embolism: Obstruction of a blood vessel due to an embolus (ex. pulmonary embolism)

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16
Q

How do you determine where a clot will lodge?

A

Smallest vessel downstream

17
Q

Anastomoses

A

connections (communications) between branches of arteries

Prevalent around joints

18
Q

Collateral Vessels

A

Series of smaller vessels that supply tissue in addition to its main blood supply

Prevalent around joints

19
Q

What allows alternative / detours of blood flow if there are obstructions?

A

Anastomoses

Collateral Vessels

20
Q

What are the blood sources for the hand?

A

Two sources

Radial / Ulnar Arteries

21
Q

End Arteries

Clinical Examples?

A

Terminal arteries with no anastomose with adjacent arteries

Blockage interrupts tissue perfusion

- - -

Kidney has segmental blood supply w/end arteries if these are blocked–section dies (necrosis)

22
Q

Venules and Small Veins

A

Smallest unnamed veins that drain capillaries

Venules join to form small veins

Small veins empty into larger veins and unite to form venous plexuses

23
Q

Medium Veins

A

Drain venous plexuses and accompany medium arteries, contain small amounts of smooth muscle in walls

Have one way valves that permit blood to flow toward heart, but not in reverse

24
Q

Accompanying Veins

A

Usually accompany deep arteries of the same name, often occur as multiple vessels in a common vascular sheath with an artery

25
Q

Large Veins

A

Contain smooth muscle and well developed tunica adventitia

Examples: Superior vena cava, inferior vena cava, portal vein

26
Q

Arteries vs Veins

Lumen

Muscle

A

Arteries have narrow lumen, veins have large lumen

Arteries have more muscle and elastic tissue, veins have less muscle and elastic tissue

27
Q

Collateral Veinous Circulation

A

If inferior vena cava is obstructed in abdomen, blood can return heart via collateral channels in the thorax and abdomen

28
Q

What are continuous vessels that connect arterioles and venules?

A

Capillaries

29
Q

Principle Vessels:

Upper Limb (R)

Upper Limb (L)

Head/Neck

Abdomen/Pelvis/Lower Limbs

Returning from Upper Body/Lower Body

Returning from Lungs

From Heart to Lungs

A

R - Subclavian Artery

L - Subclavian Arter

Common Carotid

Aortic Arch

Superior & Inferior Vena Cava

Pumonary Veins

Pulmonary Trunk

30
Q

Hepatic Portal System

A

Drains blood from digestive tract into liver

Venous system that links two capillary beds

31
Q

How many capillary beds does blood pass through before return to heart?

A

Two

32
Q

Lymphatic Drainage System

A

One-wy drainage system for returning excess fluids and cellular debris to the blood strem

Transports large proteins that cannot poss through systemic capillaries

33
Q

Lymphatic Capillaries

A

Network of blind (closed) tubes that originate in the cellular spaces of tissues

Lack basement membrane so fluid, proteins, bacteria, and whole cells can enter

34
Q

Lymphatic Vessels

A

Network of thin-walled, valve-containing vessels that occur throughout the body

35
Q

Lymph

Lymph Nodes

A

Clear, yellowlish fluid transported in lymph vessels

Lymph nodes filter lymph on its way back to the venous system

36
Q

Drainage patterns for Lymphatic System

A

Thoracic Duct - All but right arm, upper trunk, right half of head

Right Lymphatic Duct - All areas not from thoracic duct

37
Q
A

SF1 - Test 3 (13 decks)

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