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SF1 - Test 3 > 3 - Zill - Anterior and Medial Thigh > Flashcards

3 - Zill - Anterior and Medial Thigh Flashcards

1
Q

What muscles form the walls of the abdomen?

A

Rectus Abdominis, External Oblique

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2
Q

Inguinal Ligament - Attachment points

What passes under here and in what order?

A

Thicked fascia of external oblique muscle, ASIS to Pubic Tubercle

(lateral to medial) Femoral:

Nerve

Artery

Vein

Lymph

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3
Q

Iliotibial Tract (IT Band)

What does it receive insertion of?

A

Thickened later part of fascia lata; extends leg after muscles have extended knee.

Provides lateral stability when standing.

Origin: Ilium

Attachment: Lateral condyle of tibia

Tensor Fascia Lata and Gluteus Maximus insert to IT

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4
Q

Saphenous Opening

A

Oval shaped defect in deep fascia, allows pasage for Great Saphenous vein

Lateral Side is sharp = Falciform margin

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5
Q

Cutaneous Nerve for Gluteal Region

A

Posterior Cutaneous Nerve of Thigh

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6
Q

Cutaneous nerve for lateral portion of thigh?

A

Lateral Femoral Cutaneous Nerve of Thigh

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7
Q

Major Action / Nerve For:

Anterior Compartment

Posterior Compartment

Medial Compartment

Lateral Compartment

A

Anterior: Knee Extension / Femoral Nerve

Posterior: Knee Flexion / Tibial part of Sciatic Nerve

Medial: Hip ADductors / Obturator Nerve

Lateral: Hip ABductors / Sup. and Inf. Gluteal Nerve

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8
Q

Four Muscles of Quadriceps

Which muscle crosses both hip and knee joints?

Common attachment?

A

Rectus Femoris (middle, on-top)

Vastus Lateralis (lateral)

Vastus Medialis (medial)

Vastus Intermedius (midd, bottom)

All attach to quadriceps tendon

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9
Q

What is the order of structures from the quads to the patella to tibia?

A

Quad Muscles

Quadriceps Tendon

Patella

Patellar Tendon

Tibia

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10
Q

What is the mechanical function of the patella?

A

Increase mechanical advantag of the quadriceps by increasing angle of insertion

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11
Q

What nerves does a patellar tendon reflex test?

A

L2

L3

L4

(Femoral Nerve)

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12
Q

Hip Pointer

A

Contusion of muscles at Anterior Superior Iliac Spine (ASIS)

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13
Q

Sartorius actions

A

Flex hip

Flex knee

ASIS to tibia via Pes Anserinus

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14
Q

Pes Anserinis

A

Common tendon formed from:

Sartorius

Gracilis

Semitendinosus

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15
Q

Ilippsoas

A

Thigh flexor - composed of Iliacus and Psoas

Origin: ilium (iliacus), T12-L5 (psoas)

Attachment: Femur

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16
Q

Pectineus

A

Origin: Pubis

Attachment: Femur

Action: Flex hip

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17
Q

What innervates all anterior compartment muscles?

A

Femoral Nerve (L2, 3, 4)

18
Q

What is the action of the muscles of the medial compartment?

How are they innervated?

A

ADduct thigh

All obturator nerve, except hamstring portion of Adductor Magnus is Tibial Sciatic Nerve

19
Q

Where do the Adductor Longus and Adductor Brevis insert?

Which is deeper?

A

Linea Aspera of Femur

Adductor Brevis

20
Q

Adductor Magnus

What are two parts?

Where to they Originate and Insert?

What is often clinically related to this muscle?

A

a. Adductor Part

Origin: Pubis / Ischium

Insert: Linea Aspera of Femur

Action: Adduct Thigh

Innervation: Obturator Nerve

b. Hamstring Part

Origin: Ischial Tuberosity

Insert: Adductor Tubercle of Femur (lower)

Action: Extends Thigh

Innervation: Tibial Part of Sciatic Nerve

- - -

Tear or stretch of adductor group at pubis is Pulled Groin

21
Q

What is a tear or stretch of adductor group muscle(s) called?

A

Pulled Groin

22
Q

Gracilis

A

Origin: Pubis

Insertion: Tibia via Pes Anserinus

Action: ADduct thigh, flex knee

23
Q

Deep muscle that is difficult to see, which rotates femur laterally?

What does it cover?

A

Obturator Externus

Obturator Foramen

24
Q

What innervates all medial compartment muscles?

A

Obturator nerve (L2, 3, 4)

All except hamstring portion of adductor magnus, which is Tibial Sciatic Nerve

25
Q

What are the contents of the Femoral Triangle in order from Lateral to Medial?

A

Femoral:

Nerve

Artery

Vein

Lymphatics

26
Q

Femoral Sheath

A

Surrounds femoral artery and vein, not nerve

Continuation of transversalis fascia

27
Q

Where do lymph vessels of the lower limb pass through to drain to external iliac nodes in abdomen?

A

Femoral Canal

28
Q

Femoral Hernia

A

Femoral Ring is point of weakness in abdominal wall; loop of bowel can protrude into Femoral Canal and become strangulated

29
Q

Femoral Hernia vs Inguinal Hernia

A

Femoral = below inguinal ligament

Inguinal = above inguinal ligament

Femoral = closer to femur

30
Q

When does the External Iliac become the Femoral Artery?

When does the Femoral Artery become the Popliteal Artery?

What route does it travel?

A

Inguinal Ligament

Adductor Hiatus

Anterior to Posterior due to limb development

31
Q

What is the pathway of the femoral artery starting from External Iliac?

A

External Iliac

(Inguinal Ligament)

Femoral Artery

(Adductor Hiatus)

Popliteal Artery

(tibia/fibula)

Anterior Tibial Artery / Posterial Tibial Artery

32
Q

What are the anastomoses at the joints of the lower extremities?

A

Hip - Cruciate Anastomosis

Knee - Genicular Anastomosis

33
Q

What is the primary supplier of blood for the foot?

A

Posterior Tibial Artery

34
Q

Profunda Femoris

What does it branch to?

A

Largest branch of femoral, posterior to femoral triangle

Passes between pectineus and adductor longus

- - -

Branches:

  1. Medial Femoral Circumflex (femur head)
  2. Lateral Femoral Circumflex (lateral thigh)
35
Q

Medial Femoral Circumflex

A

Primary blood supply to head of femur

If disrupted, femur head can die

36
Q

Ichemic Necrosis of Head of Femur

What are two sources of blood for femur head?

A

Can be caused due to falling and fracture of hip, which damages medial femoral circumflex artery

- - -

  1. Obturator Artery
  2. Medial femoral circumflex artery
37
Q

Perforating Arteries

A

Provide blood to posterior compartment of thigh

Perforate adductor magnus

38
Q

Where are the curciate anastomosis of the hip found?

A

Posterior to the joint

39
Q

Where can you ligate the femoral artery and still have blood supply?

Why?

What blood vessels supply the limb with blood?

A

Above Profunda Femoris

  • -

Cruciate Anastomosis can maintain blood supply around hip

  • -
    1. Medial Femoral Circumflex Artery
    2. Lateral Femoral Circumflex Artery
    3. First Perforating Artery
40
Q

What is the most common population to experience femoral hernias?

A

Older females

41
Q
A

SF1 - Test 3 (13 decks)

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