3- Transporting materials Flashcards
What is humans transport system and what does it consist of?
The circulatory system which consists of blood vessels, blood and the heart
What does 1) the right pump 2) the left pump do in the heart?
1) forces deoxygenated blood to the lungs where it picks up oxygen and loses carbon dioxide
2) after the blood is oxygenated, the left pump pumps it around the rest of the body
What is double circulation?
The action of the two sides of the heart
What are the four chambers of the heart?
The right atrium
The left atrium
The right ventricle
The left ventricle
What is essential to remember about heart diagrams?
The diagram is mirrored - the left side is actually the right and vise-versa
What is the route of the blood through the heart?
1) enters the right atrium from the body through the vena cava
2) leaves the right ventricle through the pulmonary artery to the lungs
3) returns from the lungs through the pulmonary vein into the left atrium
4) leaves the left ventricle through the aorta and goes round the body
What does a valve do in the heart?
Prevents blood from flowing in the wrong direction
How is the heart supplied oxygenated blood?
Via the coronary arteries
What does the septum (muscular heart wall) do?
Stops oxygenated and deoxygenated blood from mixing - it’s left side is thicker as it has to pump blood further than the right
What are the arteries?
They carry blood away from the heart
Have thick walls and layers containing muscle and elastic tissue
small lumen (blood passage)
Describe the veins?
Have thinner walls than the arteries Often have valves along their length to prevent back flow Large lumen (blood passage)
What are the capillaries?
They carry blood through the organs and allow the exchange of substances with all living cells
Narrow lumen, single cell thin walled vessels
What happens if the blood vessels are blocked or too narrow?
The blood will not flow around the body efficiently, organs will be deprived of oxygen and nutrients
What are the three main types of blood vessel?
Arteries
Veins
Capillaries
What is a stent?
Something that can be inserted to keep blood vessels open.
Often used when coronary arteries are blocked with fatty deposits
What is the solution when someone has a leaky valve?
Artificial or animal valves can be inserted in the heart as a replacement
What does the fluid plasma contain?
Red blood cells
White blood cells
Platelets
What does blood plasma do?
Transports substances such as:
Carbon dioxide from organs to lungs
Urea from the liver to the kidneys (where urine is made)
Describe red blood cells?
Biconcave discs
No nucleus
Contain red pigment haemoglobin (combines with oxygen to form oxyhemoglobin in the lungs) reversible reaction
Carries oxygen to certain organs that can split oxygen and haemoglobin
Describe white blood cells?
Have a nucleus
Form part of the bodies defence system against microorganisms
Describe platelets
Small fragments of cells
No nucleus
Help blood clot at the sight of a wound
What can blood from donors be separated into?
Cells and plasma
How can plasma be given to a patient and what is the benefit?
In a transfusion, it increases the blood volume
What is the advantages and disadvantages to artificial blood?
Perfluorocarbons (PFC) is an example of artificial blood
Ad: does not need to be refrigerated. No blood type needed because it does not contain cells
Dis: expensive, does not carry as much oxygen, some unpleasant side effects sometimes
Advantages and disadvantages of artificial hearts?
Ad: saves peoples lives and there is a lack of heart donors, do not need to match tissue so less drugs are needed
Dis: problems with clotting, long stays in hospital and expensive
What are the two tissues that transport in plants? Describe them both
Xylem - transports water and minerals (transpiration stream is what it’s called when transporting water)
Phloem - carries dissolved sugars from the leaves everywhere, then to storage organs for the remaining
What is a transport system?
A system large organisms need to move materials around the body
