3- Transporting materials

Question 1

What is humans transport system and what does it consist of?

Answer 1

The circulatory system which consists of blood vessels, blood and the heart

Question 2

What does 1) the right pump 2) the left pump do in the heart?

Answer 2

1) forces deoxygenated blood to the lungs where it picks up oxygen and loses carbon dioxide
2) after the blood is oxygenated, the left pump pumps it around the rest of the body

Question 3

What is double circulation?

Answer 3

The action of the two sides of the heart

Question 4

What are the four chambers of the heart?

Answer 4

The right atrium
The left atrium
The right ventricle
The left ventricle

Question 5

What is essential to remember about heart diagrams?

Answer 5

The diagram is mirrored - the left side is actually the right and vise-versa

Question 6

What is the route of the blood through the heart?

Answer 6

1) enters the right atrium from the body through the vena cava
2) leaves the right ventricle through the pulmonary artery to the lungs
3) returns from the lungs through the pulmonary vein into the left atrium
4) leaves the left ventricle through the aorta and goes round the body

Question 7

What does a valve do in the heart?

Answer 7

Prevents blood from flowing in the wrong direction

Question 8

How is the heart supplied oxygenated blood?

Answer 8

Via the coronary arteries

Question 9

What does the septum (muscular heart wall) do?

Answer 9

Stops oxygenated and deoxygenated blood from mixing - it’s left side is thicker as it has to pump blood further than the right

Question 10

What are the arteries?

Answer 10

They carry blood away from the heart
Have thick walls and layers containing muscle and elastic tissue
small lumen (blood passage)

Question 11

Describe the veins?

Answer 11

Have thinner walls than the arteries
Often have valves along their length to prevent back flow
Large lumen (blood passage)

Question 12

What are the capillaries?

Answer 12

They carry blood through the organs and allow the exchange of substances with all living cells
Narrow lumen, single cell thin walled vessels

Question 13

What happens if the blood vessels are blocked or too narrow?

Answer 13

The blood will not flow around the body efficiently, organs will be deprived of oxygen and nutrients

Question 14

What are the three main types of blood vessel?

Answer 14

Arteries
Veins
Capillaries

Question 15

What is a stent?

Answer 15

Something that can be inserted to keep blood vessels open.

Often used when coronary arteries are blocked with fatty deposits

Question 16

What is the solution when someone has a leaky valve?

Answer 16

Artificial or animal valves can be inserted in the heart as a replacement

Question 17

What does the fluid plasma contain?

Answer 17

Red blood cells
White blood cells
Platelets

Question 18

What does blood plasma do?

Answer 18

Transports substances such as:
Carbon dioxide from organs to lungs
Urea from the liver to the kidneys (where urine is made)

Question 19

Describe red blood cells?

Answer 19

Biconcave discs
No nucleus
Contain red pigment haemoglobin (combines with oxygen to form oxyhemoglobin in the lungs) reversible reaction
Carries oxygen to certain organs that can split oxygen and haemoglobin

Question 20

Describe white blood cells?

Answer 20

Have a nucleus

Form part of the bodies defence system against microorganisms

Question 21

Describe platelets

Answer 21

Small fragments of cells
No nucleus
Help blood clot at the sight of a wound

Question 22

What can blood from donors be separated into?

Answer 22

Cells and plasma

Question 23

How can plasma be given to a patient and what is the benefit?

Answer 23

In a transfusion, it increases the blood volume

Question 24

What is the advantages and disadvantages to artificial blood?

Perfluorocarbons (PFC) is an example of artificial blood

Answer 24

Ad: does not need to be refrigerated. No blood type needed because it does not contain cells
Dis: expensive, does not carry as much oxygen, some unpleasant side effects sometimes

Question 25

Advantages and disadvantages of artificial hearts?

Answer 25

Ad: saves peoples lives and there is a lack of heart donors, do not need to match tissue so less drugs are needed
Dis: problems with clotting, long stays in hospital and expensive

Question 26

What are the two tissues that transport in plants? Describe them both

Answer 26

Xylem - transports water and minerals (transpiration stream is what it’s called when transporting water)
Phloem - carries dissolved sugars from the leaves everywhere, then to storage organs for the remaining

Question 27

What is a transport system?

Answer 27

A system large organisms need to move materials around the body