2- Cells Flashcards
What does a plant cell have that an animal cell doesn’t?
Cell wall, chloroplast, permanent vacuole
What do both animal and plant cells have in common?
A nucleus, cytoplasm, cell membrane, mitochondria and ribosomes
What does a nucleus do?
Controls the cells activities
What does a cytoplasm do?
It is where many chemical reactions take place
What does a cell membrane do?
Controls the movement in and out of the cell
What does a mitochondria do?
Where energy is released during aerobic respiration
What do ribosomes do?
Where protein synthesis takes place from amino acids
What is a cell wall?
A rigid wall around the plant cell made of cellulose for support - it keeps the cell in shape
What do chloroplasts do?
Contain chlorophyll for photosynthesis. The chloroplast absorbs light energy to make food
What does a permanent vacuole do?
Contains cell sap with sugars and salts in it
What is an algal cell?
Simple aquatic cells with many features the same as plant cells
How are sperm cells specialised?
Tail - to swim to the egg
Lots if mitochondria - to provide energy from respiration
How is a red blood cell specialised?
No nucleus - more space to carry oxygen
Special shape - for a larger surface area so it can carry more oxygen
How is a route hair cell specialised?
Has a hair like structure - for larger surface area so it can absorb more minerals and water
How is a gland cell specialised?
Has many ribosomes - to make proteins because it produces enzymes
How is a receptor cell specialised?
Has special structures - detect stimuli
Eg. Cone cells in the eye are light sensitive
Features of a bacteria cell?
Loop of DNA Cell membrane and wall Ribosomes and cytoplasm Capsule Flagella (tail)
Features of a yeast cell?
Nucleus
Cell wall and membrane
Cytoplasm
About bacteria?
They have no nucleus so there genetic material is in the cytoplasm
When they multiply they form a colony which can be seen with the naked eye
About yeast?
A single celled organism
What is diffusion?
The spreading out of particles of gas, or any substance in a solution from a high concentration of particles to a low concentration of particles
What is a concentration gradient?
The difference in concentration between two areas
What’s the correspondence between diffusion and the amount of concentration?
The larger the difference in concentration, the faster the rate of diffusion
What are some examples of diffusion?
Oxygen into the cells of the body from the bloodstream
Carbon dioxide into actively photosynthesising plant cells
Simples sugars and amino acids from the gut through cell membranes
