2- Enzymes Flashcards
What are protein molecules made of?
Long chains of amino acids, which are folded to produce a specific shape depending on its function
What are the four types of proteins?
Structural components of tissue (muscle)
Hormones
Antibodies
Catalysts
What do enzymes do?
Are large proteins that control chemical reactions in cells (speed up reactions)
What are enzymes?
Biological catalyst which shape so other molecules can fit (active size)
What is active size?
The space on an enzyme where molecules fit into
What is a substate?
The material or chemical on which an enzyme acts
What happens to a substrate held in active site of the enzyme?
It can be connected to another molecule or broken down
What are the two factors effecting enzymes in action?
Temperature
pH value
How does temperature affect enzymes in action?
Similar to other reactions, increased temperature means the molecules move faster so they collide more frequently and with more energy. If the conditions are too hot, the enzyme becomes denatured because it’s active sight changes shape
How does pH affect enzymes in action?
Each enzyme is adapted to work best at a particular pH value. If these conditions are not met, the enzymes active sight could change shape and it would become denatured
Where are digestive enzymes made and found working?
They are made by the glands in the digestive system
They are found working outside the bodies cells in the cavity of the digestive system
What is a amylase enzyme?
They catalyse the digestion of starch into sugars in the mouth and small intestine
They are produced by the salivary gland, the pancreas and small intestine
What is a protease enzyme?
They catalyse the breakdown of proteins into amino acids in the stomach and small intestine
They are produced by the stomach, small intestine and pancreas
What is a lipase enzyme?
They catalyse the breakdown of lipids (fats and oils) into fatty acids and glycerol
They are produced by the pancreas and small intestine
What is glycerol?
The building blocks of lipids
