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Ophthalmology > 3: Retinal Detachment > Flashcards

3: Retinal Detachment Flashcards

1
Q

What is retinal detachment

A

Separation of sensory retina from the retinal pigment epithelium

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2
Q

What is rhegmatogenous retinal detachment

A

A tear in the retina enables fluid from vitreous space to enter sub-retinal space

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3
Q

What causes rhegmatogenous retinal detachment

A

trauma

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4
Q

What is exudative retinal detachment

A

retina detaches without a tear

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5
Q

What causes exudative retinal detachment

A

HTN
Vasculitis
Tumours
Macular degeneration

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6
Q

What is tractional retinal detachment

A

Pulling of the retina causing detachment

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7
Q

What causes tractional retinal detachment

A

Proliferative retinopathy

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8
Q

What is a risk factor for tractional retinal detachment

A

Myopia

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9
Q

What is posterior vitreous detachment

A

Separation of vitreous membrane from the retina

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10
Q

What are two signs of PVD

A

Floaters = peripheral vision

Flashes = temporal side of vision

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11
Q

Why do flashes occur

A

Stimulation of the retina from traction

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12
Q

Why do floaters occur

A

Vitreous condensation

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13
Q

What is retinal detachment

A

Separation of sensory retina from retinal epithelium

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14
Q

How does retinal detachment present clinically

A

Curtain coming down over vision

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15
Q

What is vitreous haemorrhage

A

Extravasion of blood into vitreous humour

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16
Q

How does vitreous haemorrhage present clinically

A

Medium - dark spots

Large - complete visual loss

17
Q

What causes posterior vitreous detachment

A

Increases with age

18
Q

What is a risk of PVD

A

Some people with PVD will go on to develop a retinal tear which can progress to retinal detachment

19
Q

What are the 4 F’s of retinal detachment

A

Flashes
Floaters
Field loss
Fall in acuity

20
Q

How is a field loss in retinal detachment described

A

Curtain coming down

21
Q

If an individual has a ‘curtain coming down’ presentation what does this mean

A

Inferior retinal detachment

22
Q

What sign will be seen

A

RAPD

23
Q

Explain retinal detachment

A

Sensory retina detaches from retinal pigment epithelium. If for more than 12h there is a risk of retinal ischaemia,

24
Q

What will be seen on ophthalmoscopy in retinal detachment

A

Grey retina will be ballooning forwards

25
Q

What is first-line for retinal detachment

A

Rest

26
Q

If superior retina is damaged, how should patient lie

A

Lie flat

27
Q

If inferior retina is damaged, how should patient lie

A

Lie with head at 30’

28
Q

What is second-line for retinal detachment

A

Laser photocoagulation therapy

29
Q

What is third-line for retinal detachment

A

Virtectomy and gas tamponade

30
Q

What is a complication of retinal detachment

A

Blindness

Ophthalmology (12 decks)

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