2: Uveitis Flashcards
What is the uvea
Middle-layer of the eye
What is the uvea composed of
- Iris
- Ciliary bodies
- Choroid
What are the two types of uveitis
Anterior
Posterior
What is anterior uveitis
Inflammation in iris or ciliary bodies
What is the most common form of uveitis
Anterior uveitis
What causes 50% of uveitis
Idiopathic
What conditions can cause uveitis
- HLAB27 spondyloarthropathies
- RA
- Sarcoidosis
- Behcet’s
- IBD
- SLE
- TB or Syphillis
What is Behcets disease
Autoimmune disease characterised by inflammation arteries or veins
What is the triad that typically presents in Behcets disease
- Anterior uveitis
- Oral ulcers
- Genital ulcers
Is uveitis unilateral or bilateral
Unilateral, but can affect both eyes
What time-frame does uveitis onset
Hours-days
What are 5 symptoms of anterior uveitis
- Occular hyperaemia
- Dull ocular pain
- Decrease visual acuity
- Photophobia
- Mild watering - no stickiness!
Why does photophobia occur in anterior uveitis
Accommodation involves both cilia and iris - hence causing pain
What are 3 differential diagnosis for anterior uveitis
Keratitis
Conjunctivitis
Acute angle-closure glaucoma
What is first line investigation for anterior uveitis
Slit lamp
What are two features of slit-lamp examination in anterior uveitis
Posterior synchiae
Keratin precipitates
What are keratin precipitates
Dots on rear of cornea
What are posterior synechiae
Adhesions from iris to lens
What blood-test should be done in anterior uveitis
HLAB27
What two medications are given in management of anterior uveitis
Glucocorticoids
Cyclopentolate
Why is topicals cyclopentolate given in anterior uveitis
To cause pupil dilation in order to break synchiae
What are 5 complications of anterior uveitis
- open angle glaucoma
- posterior synchiae
- anterior synchiae
- cataracts
- visual loss
Why can secondary open-angle glaucoma occur in anterior uveitis
inflammation obstructs trabecular meshwork
What is posterior synchiae
form between lens and iris
What does posterior synchiae cause
clover-leafed pupillary distortion
What are anterior synechia
forms between iris and cornea
what is posterior uveitis
inflammation of choroid or vitritis
what causes posterior uveitis
Infection:
- Viral (EBV, HSV, VZV)
- TB
- Syphillis
- Toxoplasmosis
how will posterior uveitis present
Painless visual disturbance: scotoma, floaters, decrease acuity
why does posterior uveitis not present with pain
As the choroid has no innervation
