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Ophthalmology > 2: Conjunctivitis > Flashcards

2: Conjunctivitis Flashcards

1
Q

Define conjunctivitis

A

Inflammation of the conjunctiva

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2
Q

What is the most common ophthalmological complaint in primary care

A

Conjunctivitis

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3
Q

How can the causes of conjunctivitis be divided

A

Infectious (Viral + Bacterial)
Allergic
Chemical
Autoimmune

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4
Q

What is the most common infectious cause of conjunctivitis

A

Adenovirus

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5
Q

what is the most common type of conjunctivitis

A

Allergic conjunctivitis

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6
Q

what is allergic conjunctivitis usually associated with

A

Allergic rhinitis

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7
Q

what chemical usually causes conjunctivitis

A

Silver nitrate

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8
Q

when may conjunctivitis be seen in autoimmune conditions

A

Steven-Johnson syndrome

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9
Q

in infectious conjunctivitis how will the eye present

A
  • Red
  • Discharge (varies if bacterial/viral)
  • Gritty sensation
  • No photophobia
  • No loss of vision
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10
Q

describe discharge in viral conjunctivitis

A

Watery

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11
Q

describe discharge in bacterial conjunctivitis

A

Sticky

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12
Q

describe presentation of allergic conjunctivitis

A

Bilateral
Conjunctival oedema
Conjunctival erythema
Itchy

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13
Q

What are the 5 most common bacterial causes of conjunctivitis

A
  1. Staphylococcus epidermis
  2. Staphylococcus aureus
  3. S. pneumonia
  4. H, Influenza
  5. N. Gonorrhoea
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14
Q

How does bacterial conjunctivitis present

A

Unilateral
Thick mucopurulent discharge
Extra-ocular signs

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15
Q

How will gonococcal conjunctivitis present

A

Unilateral
Thick mucopurulent discharge
Eye lid swelling

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16
Q

How will chlamydia conjunctivitis present

A

Mucopurulent discharge

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17
Q

What are two causes of viral conjunctivitis

A

HSV

Adenovirus

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18
Q

What is the most common cause of viral conjunctivitis

A

Adenovirus (80%)

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19
Q

How will viral conjunctivis present

A

Bilateral (one-eye spreads to other)
Watery discharge
Normal vision
Conjunctival follicles

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20
Q

What are conjunctiva follicles

A

Yellow-appearing hyperplasia of lymphatic follicle tissue

21
Q

Describe the onset of gonococcal neonatal conjunctivitis

A

Acute: 1-3d

22
Q

How will gonococcal neonatal conjunctivitis present clinically

A

Chemosis

Mucopurulent discharge

23
Q

What investigations are performed for neonatal gonococcal conjunctivitis

A

Swab or scrapings for giemsa stain and MC+S

24
Q

What is used to treat neonatal gonococcal conjunctivitis

A

Cefotaxime

25
Q

Describe symptom onset of chlamydia neonatal conjunctivitis

A

Sub-acute: 4-28d

26
Q

How does chlamydia neonatal conjunctivitis present clinically

A
  • Mucopurulent discharge

- Papillae

27
Q

How is neonatal chlamydia conjunctivitis investigated

A

Swabs for immunofluorescence and giemsa staining

28
Q

How is neonatal chlamydia conjunctivitis treated

A

Erthromycin

29
Q

How is conjunctivitis normally diagnosed

A

clinically

30
Q

What is second line for conjunctivitis

A

conjunctival scrapings

31
Q

When are conjunctival scrapings considered

A

if persistent or severe disease (eg. ulceration)

32
Q

What are conjunctival scrapings sent for in suspected viral causes

A

PCR

33
Q

What are conjunctival scrapings sent for in suspected bacterial causes

A

MC+S

34
Q

What is first line for allergic conjunctivitis

A

Topical antihistamines

35
Q

What are topical antihistamines called

A

Opatanol

36
Q

What is second-line for managing allergic conjunctivitis

A

Topical mast cell stabilisers (sodium cromoglicate)

37
Q

Name a topical mast cell stabiliser

A

sodium cromoglicate

38
Q

What is first-line for infective conjunctivitis

A

advice

39
Q

What advice is given to prevent spread of infectious conjunctivitis

A
  • do not share towels
  • hand washing
  • clean the eye with saline-soaked cotton wool
40
Q

Explain school exclusion for infectious conjunctivitis

A

children should not be excluded from school unless outbreak

41
Q

Explain health care workers with conjunctivitis

A

should avoid work

42
Q

What should be avoided in conjunctivitis

A

contact lenses

43
Q

When are antibiotics given in conjunctivitis

A

if symptoms have persisted beyond 3 DAYS

44
Q

What antibiotics are given for infectious conjunctivitis

A

topical chloramphenicol

45
Q

What is a contraindication to topical chloramphenicol

A

pregnancy

46
Q

What is given as an alternative to topical chloramphenicol in pregnancy

A

topical fusidic acid

47
Q

in what time frame does bacterial conjunctivitis resolve

A

5-7d

48
Q

in what time frame does viral conjunctivitis resolve

A

1-3W

Ophthalmology (12 decks)

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