Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Gynaecology > 3: Puberty and Pubertal Disorders > Flashcards

3: Puberty and Pubertal Disorders Flashcards

1
Q

Define puberty

A

Transition from non-reproductive to a reproductive state

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are the two events of puberty

A
  • Adrenarche

- Gonadarche

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Define adrenarche

A

Formation zona reticularis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What does adrenarche enable

A

Release of DHEA and DHEAS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What age does adrenarche occur

A

6-8 years

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Explain DHEA and DHEAS production

A

Increase until 15-years

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Define pubarche

A

Clinical manifestation of adrenarche

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is gonadarche

A

Re-activation HPG axis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Explain gonadarche

A

Increase GnRH leads to increase LH and FSH - which cause spermatogenesis and oogenesis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What causes secondary sexual characteristics

A

LH causes release of testosterone from theca cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

When does puberty occur in females

A

8-14 years

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

When does puberty occur in males

A

10-16 years

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Explain consonance

A

The events of puberty always happen in the same-order

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

If not in consonance what does it indicate

A

If events do not occur in the same order it indicates a pubertal disorder

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is the role of FSH

A

Increases oogenesis and spermatogenesis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is the role of LH

A

Increases androgens and progesterone causing changes associated with puberty

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is the first-sign of puberty in females

A

Therlarche

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Define therlarche

A

Formation breast buds

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What is the usual age of thelarche

A

9-10 years

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What is used to assess thelarche

A

Tanner staging

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What is tanner stage 1

A

No breasts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What is tanner stage 2

A

Breast buds

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What is tanner stage 3

A

Breast tissue extending beyond areolar

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What is tanner stage 4

A

Secondary mound

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

What is tanner stage 5

A

Full size

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

What is the second event of puberty in females

A

Pubarche

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Define pubarche

A

Development of pubic hair

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

How long after pubarche does armpit hair grow

A

2-years

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

What mediates pubarche

A

Testosterone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

What is the final event of puberty in females

A

Menarche

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

How many years after thelarche does menarche occur

A

3-years

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

Outline consonance of puberty in a female

A

Thelarche, Pubarche, Menarche

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

What is the first sign of puberty in boys

A

Testicular enlargement

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

What is role of LH in males

A

Increases testosterone produced by theca cells

35
Q

What is role of FSH in males

A

Increases sperm production by Sertoli cells

36
Q

What is used to assess change in testicular size

A

Tanner staging

37
Q

What is tanner stage 1

A

1-3

38
Q

What is tanner stage 2

A

4-9

39
Q

What is tanner stage 3

A

10-14

40
Q

What is tanner stage 4

A

15-20

41
Q

What is tanner stage 5

A

> 20

42
Q

How long after testicular growth do boys experience first ejaculation

A

1-year

43
Q

What is second step puberty in males

A

Pubarche

44
Q

What controls growth

A

Sex steroids, GH, IGF-1

45
Q

When do females have their growth spurt

A

12-years

46
Q

When do Males have their growth spurt

A

14-years

47
Q

Define precocious puberty for girls

A

Secondary sexual characteristics before 8 in girls

48
Q

Define precocious puberty for boys

A

Secondary sexual characteristics before 9 in boys

49
Q

In which gender is precocious puberty more common

A

Girls

50
Q

What is central precocious puberty

A

Problem with gonadotrophin

51
Q

What is peripheral precocious puberty

A

Problem with testes, adrenal gland or bHCG secreting tumour

52
Q

How will GnRH present in central precocious puberty

A

Raised

53
Q

What is the main cause of central precocious puberty

A

Idiopathic

54
Q

What are two other causes of central precocious puberty

A

Congenital (eg. cerebral palsy)

CNS lesion

55
Q

How will GnRH present in peripheral precocious puberty

A

Normal

56
Q

How can peripheral precocious puberty be divided

A

Androgen raised

Oestrogen raised

57
Q

What are 3 causes of increased androgens in peripheral precocious puberty

A
  • CAH
  • Ovarian cysts
  • Leydig-cell tumour
58
Q

What is most common cause of increased androgens peripheral precocious puberty

A

Ovarian cysts

59
Q

What are 5 causes of precocious puberty with increased oestrogen

A
  • Hypothyroidism
  • Obesity
  • Mccune albright
  • HCG secreting tumour
60
Q

What does hypothyroidism cause

A

TSH increases FSH receptors

61
Q

Explain precocious puberty in males

A

Precocious puberty is uncommon - usually has an organic cause

62
Q

Explain precocious puberty in females

A

Precocious puberty is usually idiopathic or familial

63
Q

Explain central precocious puberty and consonance

A

Follows consonance

64
Q

Explain peripheral precocious puberty and consonance

A

Does not follow consonance

65
Q

Explain growth in precocious puberty

A

Accelerated growth causes children to be taller during puberty. However, epiphyseal plates fuse pre-maturely causing them to be shorter in adulthood

66
Q

If bilateral pre-mature enlargement of testes what does it indicate

A

Central precocious puberty

67
Q

If unilateral pre-mature enlargement of testes what does it indicate

A

Peripheral precocious puberty

68
Q

What do small testes indicate in precocious puberty

A

Adrenal cause

69
Q

How will LH and FSH present in central precocious puberty

A

Raised

70
Q

How will LH and FSH present in peripheral precocious puberty

A

Normal

71
Q

How will oestrogen and progesterone present in precocious puberty

A

Normal

72
Q

Why is TFTs taken in precocious puberty

A

To exclude peripheral precocious puberty

73
Q

Why is an x-ray performed in precocious puberty

A

Examine bone maturation and fusion of epiphyseal plates

74
Q

Why may pelvic US be taken

A

Look for pelvic mass

75
Q

Why may cranial MRI be taken in precocious puberty

A

Look for cranial mass

76
Q

How is precocious puberty managed

A

GnRH analogue

77
Q

Define delayed puberty

A
  • Puberty after 14 in girls in absence of secondary sexual characteristics
  • Puberty after 16 in presence of secondary sexual characteristics
78
Q

What are 5 causes of delayed puberty

A
  1. Constitutional delay
  2. Systemic disease (eg. CF)
  3. Malnutrition
  4. HPA disorders
    5 Ovarian failure
79
Q

What is constitutional growth delay

A

Delay in puberty or growth that is not due to underlying pathological cause

80
Q

What investigations are ordered for constitutional delay

A

Oestrogen, Progesterone
LH, FSH
Prolactin
X-ray

81
Q

If prolactin is over 1500 what should be ordered

A

TFT, U+E
- Exclude hypothyroidism and renal failure that can mimmic prolactinoma

Cranial MRI - look for tumour

82
Q

Why is an x-ray ordered

A

Look for bone maturation and epiphyseal plate closure

83
Q

How will mccune ablright syndrome present

A

Precocious puberty
Cafe au lai spots
Short stature
Polyostotic fibrous dysplasia

Gynaecology (22 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions