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Gynaecology > 2:Fertility and Sub-Fertility: Hypogonadism > Flashcards

2:Fertility and Sub-Fertility: Hypogonadism Flashcards

1
Q

What is hypogonadism

A

Impaired functioning of gonads

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2
Q

How can hypogonadism be classified

A

Primary hypogonadism

Secondary hypogonadism

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3
Q

What is primary hypogonadism

A

Problem with gonads

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4
Q

What is secondary hypogonadism

A

Problem with pituitary gland or hypothalamus

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5
Q

What is primary hypogonadism also referred to as

A

Hypergonadotrophic hypogonadism

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6
Q

How can hypergonadotrophic hypogonadism be divided

A

Primary Insufficiency

Secondary Insufficiency

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7
Q

What are 3 primary insufficiencies of hypergonadotrophic hypogonadism

A
  1. Turner’s
  2. Klinefelter’s
  3. Androgen insensitivity syndrome
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8
Q

What are 4 causes of secondary insufficiency hypergonadotrophic hypogonadism

A
  1. Chemotherapy
  2. Mumps
  3. Trauma
  4. TB
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9
Q

What is secondary hypogonadism referred to as

A

hypogonadotrophic hypogonadism

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10
Q

What is hypogonadotrophic hypogonadism

A

Deficiency in GnRH release from hypothalamus

Or, LH/FSH from pituitary

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11
Q

What are 3 causes of hypogonadotrophic hypogonadism

A
  1. Genetic
  2. Anorexia
  3. Pituitary tumour
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12
Q

What are 3 genetic causes of hypogonadotrophic hypogonadism

A

Prader-Willi
Gaucher
Kallman

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13
Q

how may females with hypogonadism present

A
  • Primary (or secondary) amenorrhoea

- Infertility

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14
Q

how may males with hypogonadism present

A
  • Absence secondary sexual characteristics
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15
Q

how will someone with Klinefelter present

A
  • Tall stature
  • Gynaecomastia
  • Absence secondary sexual characteristics
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16
Q

how will someone with tuner’s syndrome present

A
  • Short-stature
  • Webbed neck
  • Widely spaced nipples
  • Short 4th metacarpal
  • Bicuspid aorta
  • Coarctation aorta
  • High-arch palate
  • Horeshow kidney
17
Q

what is the inheritance of kallman syndrome

A

X-linked recessive

18
Q

how will someone with kallman syndrome present

A
  • Anosmia
  • Delayed puberty
  • Cleft palate
19
Q

what is prader-willi

A

15q 11-13 deletion in father

20
Q

what is angleman

A

15q 11-13 deletion in mother

21
Q

how will Gaucher syndrome present

A

Hepatosplenomegaly

Painful bone crisis

22
Q

How will oestrogen and testosterone present in hypogonadism

A

Low

23
Q

How will FSH present in hypogonadotrophic hypogonadism

A

GnRH low
FSH low
LH low

24
Q

How will FSH present in hypergonadotrophic hypogonadism

A

GnRH high
FSH low
LH low

25
Q

Why may a DEXA scan be performed in hypogonadism

A

Due to loss protective effect of oestrogen

26
Q

Why may oestrogen be given in females with hypogonadism

A

Given at appropriate time to induce puberty

27
Q

Why may testosterone be given in females with hypogonadism

A

Given at appropriate time to induce puberty

28
Q

What may be given in hypogonadotrophic hypogonadism

A

Pulsatile LH

Gynaecology (22 decks)

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