2:Fertility and Sub-Fertility: Hypogonadism Flashcards
What is hypogonadism
Impaired functioning of gonads
How can hypogonadism be classified
Primary hypogonadism
Secondary hypogonadism
What is primary hypogonadism
Problem with gonads
What is secondary hypogonadism
Problem with pituitary gland or hypothalamus
What is primary hypogonadism also referred to as
Hypergonadotrophic hypogonadism
How can hypergonadotrophic hypogonadism be divided
Primary Insufficiency
Secondary Insufficiency
What are 3 primary insufficiencies of hypergonadotrophic hypogonadism
- Turner’s
- Klinefelter’s
- Androgen insensitivity syndrome
What are 4 causes of secondary insufficiency hypergonadotrophic hypogonadism
- Chemotherapy
- Mumps
- Trauma
- TB
What is secondary hypogonadism referred to as
hypogonadotrophic hypogonadism
What is hypogonadotrophic hypogonadism
Deficiency in GnRH release from hypothalamus
Or, LH/FSH from pituitary
What are 3 causes of hypogonadotrophic hypogonadism
- Genetic
- Anorexia
- Pituitary tumour
What are 3 genetic causes of hypogonadotrophic hypogonadism
Prader-Willi
Gaucher
Kallman
how may females with hypogonadism present
- Primary (or secondary) amenorrhoea
- Infertility
how may males with hypogonadism present
- Absence secondary sexual characteristics
how will someone with Klinefelter present
- Tall stature
- Gynaecomastia
- Absence secondary sexual characteristics
how will someone with tuner’s syndrome present
- Short-stature
- Webbed neck
- Widely spaced nipples
- Short 4th metacarpal
- Bicuspid aorta
- Coarctation aorta
- High-arch palate
- Horeshow kidney
what is the inheritance of kallman syndrome
X-linked recessive
how will someone with kallman syndrome present
- Anosmia
- Delayed puberty
- Cleft palate
what is prader-willi
15q 11-13 deletion in father
what is angleman
15q 11-13 deletion in mother
how will Gaucher syndrome present
Hepatosplenomegaly
Painful bone crisis
How will oestrogen and testosterone present in hypogonadism
Low
How will FSH present in hypogonadotrophic hypogonadism
GnRH low
FSH low
LH low
How will FSH present in hypergonadotrophic hypogonadism
GnRH high
FSH low
LH low
